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brief: A long time ago in a distant fairy tale countryside, a young girl leads her little brother into a dark wood in desperate search of food and work, only to stumble upon a nexus of terrifying evil 6,1 of 10 star release date: 2020 Thriller, Fantasy South Africa, USA Hannu ja kerttu elokuva. Popeda hannu ja kerttu. TM. 2020 Vimeo, Inc. All rights reserved. Terms Privacy CA Privacy Copyright Cookies Made with in NYC.

Kerttu ja. Ja mitäs seuraavaksi? Kultakutri alkaa yksityisetsiväksi. Lumikki kyllästyy kuningattarena olemiseen ja lähtee seikkailemaan maailman meriä parhaan ystävänsä Tittelintuuren kanssa. Mahdollisuudet ovat rajattomat. Hannu ja kerttu tarina. Riina Katajavuoren viidennen runokokoelman Kertun ja Hannun runoissa aikuiset huokailevat väsyneinä ja huolestuneina, muistellen kaukaista, iloista mutta myös traumaattista lapsuuttaan. Runoilija yhdistää Grimmin tunnetun sadun ja arkielämän samaan kasvutarinaan, josta runot näyttävät meille välähdyksiä. Kerttu ja Hannu on varmalla ammattitaidolla kirjoitettu, mutta suuria yllätyksiä ei lukijalle tarjota. Katajavuori jatkaa tutulla, tasaisella tyylillään, vakioteemoinaan jälleen lapsuus, aikuisuus, äitiys, naiseus ja kirjoittaminen. Monipuolisen kirjailijan aiempaan tuotantoon kuuluu runouden lisäksi proosaa ja lastenkirjoja. Lapsuusmuistoja Katajavuori liikkuu runoissaan alueella, jossa liiallisen nostalgisoinnin vaara on jatkuvasti läsnä. Muisto ja muistaminen ovat hänen tematiikkansa tärkeä, yleisinhimillisyyteen vetoava osa. Asetelma, jossa lapsuus on kaikkine traumoineenkin selittämättömän suloista ja aikuisuus ankeaa, tuntuu kuitenkin välillä liian ilmeiseltä ratkaisulta varsinkin, kun isoksi kasvamisen kipeitä tunteita käsitellään nykykirjallisuudessa varsin paljon. Jo kokoelman avausrunossa tulee esiin ajatus siitä, että tieto, ikä ja erilaiset kokemukset lisäävät tuskaa: ”Meillä ei ollut tietoa. Siitä ettei untuvapehmeys jatkuisi. Huoneet / olivat aina suuria ja isot ihmiset isoja eikä syntiä ollut. Yhden / päivän aikana ehti miljoonia asioita ja aurinko vei järven / mennessään. ” Runojen kieli on usein pelkistetyn toteavaa, vakavaa, lakonistakin. Katajavuori käyttää runoissaan arkikieltä ja häivyttää lyyrisyyttä. Vakavansävyisissä runoissa läikähtelee myös iloa ja huumoria. Runon puhuja on usein lapsi tai muutoin kielenkäytöltään naiivi, esimerkiksi runossa Olympiakylä: ”Tuolla menee meidän ujo huoltomies. Katsoo aina puita kun sille sanoo moi. Jotkut ihmiset vain ovat ujoja”. Tämäntyyppisissä runoissa sisältöä on paikoin vaikea tavoittaa. Ilahduttavimmillaan runoilija luo pienistä sanastoaineksista mielenkiintoisia ja omintakeisia aistikokonaisuuksia, joissa lapsen ja aikuisen maailmat tuntuvat yhdistyvän. Esimerkiksi ”Viiniraati”-runon osassa ”Viini 4”: ”väri: pieniä kuplia pohjassa, joulu / haju: luikerteleva, haukimainen, värisevä / maku: lyhyt, hyökkäävä jälkimaku / saippuainen / eläinmaku: peseytynyt mies”. Virkistävät viinirunot on pakko lukea uudelleen, maistellen. Satujen toisinluentaa Runokokoelmassa ei ole selvää kohokohtaa, mutta mielenkiintoisin osa on kirjan loppupuoli, jossa runoilija ryhtyy viimein kunnolla käsittelemään noidan sekä Kertun ja Hannun hahmoja. Runoissa pohditaan aikuiseksi kasvaneiden satusisarusten välistä suhdetta, jota vahvistavat yhteiset lapsuudenkokemukset synkässä metsässä ja piparkakkutalossa. Runot kuvaavat aikuisuuden tilaksi, jossa lapsuuden vaikeita kokemuksia työstetään alati. Kerttu yrittää epätoivoisesti määrittää itseään muuna kuin Hannun siskona. Jo kokoelman nimen perusteella oli aihetta odottaa sadun feminististä toisinluentaa, ja kyllä Katajavuoren runoissa omanlaistaan ironista feminismiä onkin: siellä täällä esiin tulevaa ja yksityistä kokemusta kuvaavaa, ei yhteiskunnallista. Kokoelmassa on myös yhteiskuntakriittisiä runoja, joissa satumaassa eletty lapsuus asetetaan vastakkain teknologisoituneen nykymaailman ja ihmisen rakentamien ympäristöjen kanssa. Kokoelman kiinnostavimpia runoja on ”Noita-akka muistelee”. Noita-akan nuoruusvuosilta paljastuu asioita, joista saduissa ei ole kerrottu mitään: noita onkin nuoruudessaan synnyttänyt lapsia. Runossa noita on elämänsä traagisessa käännekohdassa, juuri muuttumassa elämää synnyttävästä äidistä lapsia syöväksi hirviöksi: ”Kun synnytin neljännen lapseni, sain sairaalassa oman huoneen. Huoneessa oli peili. Siihen minä katsoin. Mitäkö näin. Näin peilissä nuoren mustatukkaisen tytön. Hänellä oli paljaat / jalat. Me haisimme hyvälle. Me olimme yksin. Meillä oli nälkä. ” Runoilijan olisi suonut tarkastelevan noidan ristiriitaista hahmoa enemmänkin. Ylipäätään kokoelmassa on paljon aiheita, joista yhteenkään ei päästä kovin syvälle. Olisin halunnut kaikkiin kokoelman viiteen osioon lisää sisältöä. Eniten jäi vaivaamaan Annikka ja Tommi -sisarusparille omistettu osio, jossa on vain kaksi runoa. Joissakin runoissa kommentoidaan runoutta ja kirjoittamista. Puhuja on kriittinen tai kriitikon sanomisia ironisoiva: ”Runot eivät puhuttele / sinua. Sinä olet luullut että runo on kätkemisen mestari, mutta / tällä runolla ei ole lainkaan alusvaatteita. Mitäs tyhmyyttä sinä / peittelet tuolla paljaudella, kyselet. ” Runoaiheisissa runoissaan Katajavuori antaa myös avaimia oman, lyyrisyyttä välttelevän estetiikkansa lukemiseen. Arkikieli ja tunteet Kokoelmassa on joitakin runoja, joissa äänteellisyys korostuu ja jättää sisällön yksityiskohdat varjoonsa: ”Ellin vehreet helmet kelmenee. Onko sulla tekokitalaki mukana? ” Se lienee tarkoituksellista runokielen ironisointia, koska äänteellisyyttä korostavat runot on sijoitettu runoutta kommentoivien runojen yhteyteen. Äänteellisyyttä korostavat kohdat jäävät mieleen pyörimään kuin radion listahitti, ja kohtia on hauskaa lukea ääneen. ”Tekokitalaki”-sanaa tuskin kukaan pystyy lukemaan kokeilematta vähintäänkin kuiskata sitä. Muutamassa kohdassa arkikieltä ja murretta hyödyntävä runo tempaa mukaansa rytmiin, mutta ajatuksenvirtamaiset ”Aaron puuro” -runot lähinnä ärsyttävät. Puhekielen ominaisuuksien runollistajana Katajavuori on kuitenkin aina ollut taitava. Syvien tunteiden nivominen arkiseen ilmaisuun on yksi hänen runoutensa suurimmista haasteista – oletettavasti niin runoilijalle itselleen kuin lukijoillekin.

Hannu ja kerttu. Don huonot hannu ja kerttu. Kerttu ja hannu. 3 wins & 4 nominations. See more awards  » Learn more More Like This Action, Fantasy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6. 6 / 10 X A young fugitive Prince and Princess must stop a villain who unknowingly threatens to destroy the world with a special dagger that enables the magic sand inside to reverse time. Director: Mike Newell Stars: Jake Gyllenhaal, Gemma Arterton, Ben Kingsley Adventure 6. 2 / 10 The ancient war between humans and a race of giants is reignited when Jack, a young farmhand fighting for a kingdom and the love of a princess, opens a gateway between the two worlds. Bryan Singer Nicholas Hoult, Stanley Tucci, Ewan McGregor Drama 6. 3 / 10 As his kingdom is being threatened by the Turks, young prince Vlad Tepes must become a monster feared by his own people in order to obtain the power needed to protect his own family, and the families of his kingdom. Gary Shore Luke Evans, Dominic Cooper, Sarah Gadon 6. 1 / 10 In a twist to the fairy tale, the Huntsman ordered to take Snow White into the woods to be killed winds up becoming her protector and mentor in a quest to vanquish the Evil Queen. Rupert Sanders Kristen Stewart, Chris Hemsworth, Charlize Theron 5. 7 / 10 Perseus braves the treacherous underworld to rescue his father, Zeus, captured by his son, Ares, and brother Hades who unleash the ancient Titans upon the world. Jonathan Liebesman Sam Worthington, Liam Neeson, Rosamund Pike Sci-Fi Aliens and their Guardians are hiding on Earth from intergalactic bounty hunters. They can only be killed in numerical order, and Number Four is next on the list. This is his story. D. J. Caruso Alex Pettyfer, Timothy Olyphant, Dianna Agron 5. 8 / 10 Perseus demigod, son of Zeus, battles the minions of the underworld to stop them from conquering heaven and earth. Louis Leterrier Ralph Fiennes Transported to Barsoom, a Civil War vet discovers a barren planet seemingly inhabited by 12-foot tall barbarians. Finding himself prisoner of these creatures, he escapes, only to encounter Woola and a princess in desperate need of a savior. Andrew Stanton Taylor Kitsch, Lynn Collins, Willem Dafoe Eric and fellow warrior Sara, raised as members of ice Queen Freya's army, try to conceal their forbidden love as they fight to survive the wicked intentions of both Freya and her sister Ravenna. Cedric Nicolas-Troyan Jessica Chastain, A teenager with teleportation abilities suddenly finds himself in the middle of an ancient war between those like him and their sworn annihilators. Doug Liman Hayden Christensen, Samuel L. Jackson, Jamie Bell 6 / 10 Theseus is a mortal man chosen by Zeus to lead the fight against the ruthless King Hyperion, who is on a rampage across Greece to obtain a weapon that can destroy humanity. Tarsem Singh Henry Cavill, Mickey Rourke, John Hurt Horror 5. 9 / 10 Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, discovers vampires are planning to take over the United States. He makes it his mission to eliminate them. Timur Bekmambetov Benjamin Walker, Rufus Sewell, Dominic Cooper Edit Storyline The siblings Hansel and Gretel are left alone in the woods by their father and captured by a dark witch in a candy house. However they kill the witch and escape from the spot. Years later, the orphans have become famous witch hunters. When eleven children go missing in a small village, the Mayor summons Hansel and Gretel to rescue them, and they save the red haired Mina from the local sheriff who wants to burn her, accusing Mina of witchcraft. Soon they discover that the Blood Moon will approach in three days and the powerful dark witch Muriel is responsible for the abduction of children. She intends to use the children together with a secret ingredient in a Sabbath to make the coven of witches protected against the fire. Meanwhile Hansel and Gretel disclose secrets about their parents. Written by Claudio Carvalho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Plot Summary Plot Synopsis Taglines: Classic Tale New Twist See more  » Motion Picture Rating ( MPAA) Rated R for strong fantasy horror violence and gore, brief sexuality/nudity and language See all certifications  » Details Release Date: 25 January 2013 (USA) Also Known As: Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters Box Office Budget: 50, 000, 000 (estimated) Opening Weekend USA: 19, 690, 956, 27 January 2013 Cumulative Worldwide Gross: 226, 349, 749 See more on IMDbPro  » Company Credits Technical Specs Runtime: 88 min 98 min (Unrated Cut) See full technical specs  » Did You Know? Trivia In an interview with Famke Janssen at Cannes 2011, she stated that she took the role as the head witch in this movie because she had to pay off her mortgage. Janssen has stated multiple times that since 2007, she was prepping her writing/directorial debut with Bringing Up Bobby (2011) where funding and distribution had gone through hard times, partly due to the 2008 economic crisis. She also had not done much acting in that period of time. See more » Goofs The article texts of the "newspaper articles" in the opening credits have nothing to do with the article titles; two different newspapers have the same text. See more » Quotes [ First Lines] Hansel and Gretel's Mother: Take them into the forest now. See more » Crazy Credits The text of the newspaper clippings used in the opening credits is from Alexander Roberts' 1616 "A Treatise on Witchcraft. The same piece of text is used twice for different headlines. The repeated excerpt starts 'and of these in day of executions which she is no wise would condiscend. See more » Alternate Versions Also shown in a 3D version. See more » Soundtracks Bundy Written by Christian Wibe and Agnete Maria Kjolsrud (as Agnete Kjølsrud) Performed by Animal Alpha Courtesy of Racing Junior See more » Frequently Asked Questions See more ».

 

Hannu ja kerttu leevi. Miksi ne ei seurannu jälkiä. Hannu ja kerttu noitajahti. Hannu ja kerttu laulu.

Tätä pitäs kyllä kuunnella enemmän

Kerttu ja hanna montana. Kirjoittanut: Yle Julkaistu 25. 03. 2009 - 17:00. Päivitetty 22. 11. 2011 - 00:29 Katajavuoren viides runoteos Kerttu ja Hannu kertoo sisaruudesta ja aikuisuudesta. Runot tavoittavat sen haikean tunteen, kun aikuisena muistaa lapsuuden sadunomaisuuden. Riina Katajavuori (s. 1968) Katajavuori kuvaa hyvin meissä kaikissa olevaa lasta, joka ei ole kadonnut mihinkään. Aikuisen maailma on Katajavuoren runoissa tyly ja julma. Peppi Pitkätossukin on kuollut. Kokoelmassa mainitaan Kertun ja Hannun lisäksi toinenkin saduista tuttu sisaruspari Annikka ja Tommi. Sisaruus on tuttu teema Katajavuoren tuotannossa. Metsän keskelle eksytetyt sisarukset ovat toisilleen ainut turva maailmassa, jossa aikuiset huolehtivat enemmän pöydän jalan vieressä olevasta pahviviinistä kuin omista lapsistaan. Sisaruuden turvasta ja voimasta Riina Katajavuori kirjoittaa tavattoman kauniisti mutta myös arkisen tunnistettavasti. Yhtenä teemana runoissa on myös itse runojen kirjoittaminen ja niiden ymmärtäminen. Katajavuori antaa lukijalle jopa neuvoja miten runoja voisi lukea sellainen, joka inhoaa runoja. Teksti: Nadja Nowak ja Seppo Puttonen Katso myös Tammi, kirjailijat: Riina Katajavuori ( Uusimmat artikkelit Luetuimmat Aiheeseen liittyvää Suomalaisessa kansanuskossa vilisee jumalia ja haltijoita, pyhyys löytyy metsästä Tutustu jumalien, haltijoiden ja myyttisen metsän maailmaan. Ennen kristinuskon tuloa suomalaiseen uskoon kuuluivat monenlaiset jumalat, yhteys luontoon sekä vainajien palvonta. Elävän arkisto sukeltaa jumalien, haltijoiden ja myyttisen metsän maailmaan, josta löytyy paljon annettavaa myös nykyihmiselle. Antti Holma selvitti työharjoittelussaan Ylen työntekijöiden alkoholinkäyttöä Holma tutustui Ylen arkeen Extra Largessa vuonna 2007. Muistatko Ylen Extra Large ohjelmasta tutun toimitusharjoittelija-Antin? Jos et muista, niin ei hätää! Areenasta pääset nyt katsomaan, miten Antti Holma pohtii niin yleläisten raudanlujia vatsalaukkuja kuin lastenohjelmien tekijöiden lapsellisuutta. Elävä arkisto helmikuussa: Talvilomalla katsotaan Viimeistä keikkaa ja Nitroliigaa Mitä kaikkea löytyykään Elävän arkiston tarjonnasta. Helmikuu on perinteisesti vuoden kylmin kuukausi. Helmikuuta luonnehtivat myös yllättävät suojasäät ja niitä seuraavat pakkaspäivät, jolloin oksille sulanut lumi jäätyy ikäänkuin helmiksi. Tästä juontuu Kustaa Vilkunan Vuotuisen ajantiedon mukaan myös kuukauden nimi. Lasse Lehtisen kolumni: Nuoriso heräsi vaatimaan muutoksia maailmanmenoon Lasse Lehtinen kirjoittaa 1960-luvusta. Suomessa 1960-luvun nuoriso eli murrosaikaa. Nuoria oli aiempaa enemmän ja he olivat yhteiskunnallisesti tiedostavia ja koulutetumpia kuin ennen. Nuorisokulttuuri oli saapunut Suomeen. Kirjailija Lasse Lehtinen kirjoittaa kolumnissaan muun muassa sukupolvesta, joka halusi muuttaa maata ja maailmaa sekä vaikuttaa asenteisiin. Uusimmat sisällöt - Elävä arkisto.

Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating Be the first to ask a question about Kerttu ja Hannu Average rating 3. 22 18 ratings 2 reviews, Start your review of Kerttu ja Hannu: runoja Toivoin suurempaa vaikutusta, erityisesti siksi, että klassikkosadut ovat sydäntäni lähellä. Tuntui, että tämän kirjan runot vaihtelivat vaikeusasteeltaan aika paljon, paikoin oli melkein hankalaa, paikoin tutumpaa, kuin polku olisi helposti kadotettavissa. Hmm, ei oikein ollut mun makuun. Riina Katajavuori on 1990-luvun näkyvimpiä nuoria suomalaislyyrikoita. Hän on ollut keskeisiä hahmoja niin Nuoren Voiman Liiton kuin Elävien Runoilijoiden Klubinkin toiminnassa ja hänen runojaan on käännetty yli kahdellekymmenelle kielelle. Lisäksi hän on kirjoittanut myös proosaa ja tekstejä lehtiin kuten Parnassoon ja Imageen. Katajavuori valmistui filosofian maisteriksi kirjallisuuden...

Hannu ja kerttu svenska teatern. Hannu ja kerttu keksit. Nyt ei kyllä ollu lastensatujuttu tämä :D. Hannu ja kerttu oli mun lempitarina ei oo enään haista paska hampuri! nyt se on punahilkka. Hannu ja kerttu seinäjoki. Hyvä video. Mikä ikäraja tässä? On mä luulen kuitenkin etten saa kattoa tätä mutta tä näyttää kinnostavalta. Olin silloin paikalla kun oli hienoa hienompi bändi ja muistin taas. Algum brasileiro aqui. Olihan hienoa. Kiitos. Kerttu ja hannuaire. ANNAN mun lapsien nimeks Hannu ja kerttu.

Pihla viitala hannu ja kerttu. Toivon että nämä talot olisi tehty piparkakusta. Kerttu ja hannah. Hannu ja kerttu ry. Hannu ja kerttu satu. Tämä kappale on ihan yhtyeen alkuajoilta ja kuuminta hottia heti kerrasta, täysin erilaista musiikkia mitä ennen oli paljon... Kertun näyttelijä oli oikein loistava, ei hymyillyt tai kikatellut vakavissakaan kohtauksissa :3. Tosi hyvä satu.

Olisin kiitollinen jos joku tietäs sen biisin ku tulee lopputekstit

Hannu ja kerttu iltasatu. Hannu ja kerttu englanniksi. Juha Reijonen, juuri sinun kaltaistesi idioottien takia YouTubessa pitäisi olla ikärajoitus kielletty alle 7 vuotiailta. Kerttu ja hanni el. Tässä on just sellanen harvinainen kombinaatio, että tän paskuus tekee tästä täydellistä musiikkia. Nyt ovat ideat loppuneet. Pate laulaa vähän turhan kiltisti. Rosoisuutta peliin niin toimisi paremmin. Rated five stars. Kerttu ja hannut. Kerttu ja hanni el khatib.

13 Best Crossbow - Hansel & Gretel Witch Hunters images, Witch, Crossbow, Automatic crossbow. Projects Research groups Publications Research projects are grouped together to form research areas. Thus the reader can get a clearer view of the research work. Some research groups act as special interest groups (SIG) for the topic. Thus, although the projects involved are independent of each other, members of the whole group have common activities like giving talks and seminars to the group. Most of the major research project are listed in the separate projects page. More detailed list of all projects within a group can be located in the home page of each group. Database research Researchers: Eljas Soisalon-Soininen, Ibrahim Jaluta, Kenneth Oksanen, Riku Saikkonen, Panu Silvasti, Timo Lilja, Seppo Sippu (University of Helsinki) Tatu Ylönen (SSH) The focus of this research area is in developing algorithms for different topic of database management. One such topic is concurrency control and recovery of database transactions. This is a traditional area of research, but there are still many interesting problems to be solved. This is especially the case when the necessary search structure operations are included in the transaction model. The classical theory of concurrency control and recovery defines transactions as strings of abstract read and write operations. In our new model, the logical database is assumed to consist of records with unique keys taken from a totally ordered domain. The database operations include operations of the forms "fetch the first or next matching record. insert a record" or "delete a record. Recently, we. isalon-Soininen) have shown in a paper published in The VLDB Journal how to implement efficient concurrency control and recovery within this model, when the underlying index structure is a B-link tree. We present a new technique to implement a small structure modification, such as a page spit or a page merge as an atomic action, so that interrupted structure modifications are never rolled back (undone. This is in contrast to the previous algorithms, in which an interrupted tree-structure modification always has to be rolled back during restart recovery. Our transaction model has been extended to page-server database systems in an article published in the ACM Transactions on Database Systems. Future research includes further development of the theory, performance studies of the already proposed methods, implementation of the model in the case of multidimensional search structures such as R-trees, as well as introducing bulk updates as new basic operations applied to the index structure. Preliminary results about bulk operations (large amounts of search, insert, or delete operations performed at the same time) will be presented in 2007 at the ICDE (International Conference on Data Engineering) conference, which is a practically oriented top-level conference for database research. As a new research topic, algorithmic problems related to data stream management will be considered. The focus is especially on problems that are relevant to document filtering and content-based routing. The idea in filtering is that the user defines her interests or profile, and the data producers transmit to the user those documents that match the user's profile. Especially filters defined by regular expressions will be considered. Then the problem is to find for a given document or string x those regular expressions in the filter that match x, i. e. those expressions whose language contains x. A preliminary article in this area has been published by Eljas Soisalon Soininen and Tatu Ylönen, but it seems that results obtained thus far can be considerably improved. Searching for optimal algorithms Researchers: Kenneth Oksanen, Eljas Soisalon-Soininen In some areas of algorithms research the algorithm designer's work can be successfully mechanized by modeling it as a two player game: the algorithm designer (or "oracle" makes a "move" the choice of the next computational step - with the intent to find the result as efficiently as possible, and the imaginary input-player (or "adversary" counters with another "move. the result of that computational step - attempting to postpone the solution as late possible. Suitable areas for such mechanized treatment are, for example, the selection problem (finding the i'th largest of n input values) and its many variations, and in finding distributed concurrency control algorithms for given legal schedules. So far we have found improvements to previously known upper or lower bounds for sixteen different selection problem instances, a counter-example to a previously published hypothesis of the exact complexity of selection, and confirmation to a theoretical hypothesis (Yao's hypothesis) up to a certain limit. In addition to results in the problem domain this work has lead us to find several interesting optimizations that speed up the search process and prune irrelevant or isomorphic parts of the search space. Research on string algorithms Researchers: Jorma Tarhio, Leena Salmela, Petri Kalsi, Hannu Peltola, Kerttu Pollari-Malmi We have developed efficient algorithms for information retrieval. We have considered both exact and approximate string searching as well as indexing methods. Our best achievement is a new family of q-gram algorithms for searching multiple patterns where the number of patterns can be up to 500, 000. There are well-known algorithms for this problem, but they do not scale very well up to such huge pattern sets. Our algorithms are up to 10 times faster than the traditional solutions. The new algorithms can be applied to scanning of computer viruses or searching of genomic patterns. In addition we have developed new algorithms for compressed matching, parameterized matching, transposition invariant music retrieval, and bit-parallel searching. Software-technology-based evaluation of energy-aware designs Researcher: Vesa Hirvisalo The objective of the research is to understand the implications of modern software technology on the design of energy-aware mobile devices. Such devices operate on battery, solar cells, or other limited source of energy. Typical examples are mobile phones, wrist watches, wrist computers, personal digital assistants, hand-held games, and telemetry systems. In general, low-energy consumption concerns a wide range of measurement, control, signal processing, and telecommunication systems. Traditionally, the design of such systems has been based on simple conservative architectures. However, satisfying future requirements for low-energy consumption and high computation power is impossible with contemporary design and implementation technologies. Because of the novel market demands, the hardware and software in such systems are evolving and becoming increasingly complex. In the near future, there seems to be competing approaches to overcome the demand for high-performance energy-aware systems. Methods and tools for collaborative cognitive tasks Researchers: Esko Nuutila, Seppo Törmä, Markku Syrjänen The goal of this research is to develop conversational methods and tools that support the cognitive processes of groups of people working on collaborative tasks. Typically, such tasks include brainstorming, problem solving, information seeking, collaborative planning, writing and other document production, analysing requirements, and designing information systems. In spite of the advances in information technology, the methods and tools applied in these tasks are weak. For instance, spreadsheet and presentation programs are used for requirement analysis, strategic planning, and process specification. In many tasks, no systematic methods and applicable tools are used. The formalisms we are studying include dialogue maps, concept maps, and mind maps. We have developed an advanced concept mapping formalism called text graphs and a tool for editing them. We are studying how these formalisms can be applied in face-to-face meetings using video projectors, in distributed meetings, and for asynchronous collaboration. Different formalisms lead to different type of cognitive processing. However, the diagrams produced with different formalisms may partly overlap. Thus, we are developing tools that integrate these formalisms using interactive distributed web application technologies (e. g., Ajax, Comet, and other Web2. 0 technologies. We are going to carry out empirical studies of the effects of using these formalisms and tools especially in meeting room technology, in information seeking and knowledge building, and in teaching and learning software systems. This research is based on previous research on formal knowledge representation in our laboratory. Software visualization and computer science education research Researchers: Lauri Malmi, Ari Korhonen, Petri Ihantola, Ville Karavirta, Päivi Kinnunen, Mikko-Jussi Laakso, Jan Lönnberg, Jussi Nikander, Otto Seppälä, Juha Sorva and Mu Zhou The research work carried out in Computer Science Education Research group (COMPSER, directed by prof. Lauri Malmi) and Software Visualization Group (SVG, directed by Dr. Ari Korhonen) originates from the very high teaching load that Unit has as it gives programming education to all degree programmes at TKK. There are several 150-750 students on each course yearly. It has been necessary to design and implement novel tools for automatic assessment of student submissions to enable giving adequate feedback for them. Moreover, we have developed various visualization methods and tools to support learning programming, especially data structures and algorithms on a conceptual level. The two research groups overlap heavily, but they provide two different perspectives on this topic. The SVG group concentrates on technical research, i. e., developing technical solutions, methods and software tools that can be applied in computer science education, but also in other contexts, like professional software development. The COMPSER group, on the other hand, focuses on evaluating the impact of such tools on learning. Moreover, an important research topic is gathering understanding on how students use the tools and what factors are relevant for future development of educational software and instructional methods in computer science context. The technical research has the following key areas: We develop tools for visualization of data structures, algorithms, programs and their execution. The most important concept developed here is visual algorithm simulation. In this activity, the user is able to build and modify real data structures through GUI operations. He can simulate the changes that a real algorithm would do by using context sensitive drag & drop operations on the screen. The system maintains the actual underlying data structures as well as their visual representations, and interprets the meaning of the operations between these two layers. The method thus allows interaction on a conceptual level with the topic at hand, instead of working only on implementation (code) level. This is an important contribution in algorithm animation research, as it supports novel interaction methods during the animation and giving feedback on conceptual level for the user. The Matrix framework developed in this research provides algorithm animation and simulation facilities for a wide set of ready-made data structures and algorithms. We develop techniques for automatic evaluation, assessment and feedback of student submissions on algorithmic and programming exercises. The most important application is the TRAKLA2 learning environment of data structures and algorithms, which provides a large set of automatically assessed exercises covering basic data structures, sorting algorithms, dictionaries, graph algorithms and spatial data structures and algorithms. The tool has been in production use since 2003 and it is currently used in seven higher education institutes with over 1000 enrolled students yearly. The current foci of research are on automatic recognition of students' misconceptions, on recovery from erroneous states of data structures, and on giving dedicated visual and verbal feedback on the submissions (AAFAS project, funded by Academy of Finland. We develop automatic analysis methods to enable giving feedback on program code and related documents, such as program comments, documents and specifications (TAPAS project, funded by Academy of Finland. We develop methods for automatic generation of test data out of student programs, in terms of model checking, and for giving visual feedback on the test cases. Another branch of this research concentrates on developing visualization methods to support identifying and correcting errors in concurrent programs. We develop visualization methods for terrain analysis algorithms in collaboration with Institute of Cartography and Geoinformatics, and visualization of traffic simulation data in collaboration with Laboratory of Transportation Engineering. The evaluation research has been carried out in collaboration with University of Helsinki, Faculty of Education. Here we have carried out experiments with randomized student groups on what is the impact of TRAKLA2 exercises to student learning. The main result here has shown that we get the same learning results when students use TRAKLA2 assignments in the web on their own and when they solve similar exercises on paper in closed labs with tutoring assistants. This gives us a solid basis for developing web-based exercises further, and for concentrating the human resources to more advanced guidance and assessment, such that we cannot automate. Another line of our research concentrates on identifying patterns how students actually use the tool, by analyzing the extensive logging data we get from the tool. A third line of research works on qualitative analysis of how students understand programming work and program execution as well as what factors affect student drop out in introductory programming courses. All these lines of research apply methods and theories from Educational and Social Sciences. COMPSER and SVG groups together currently include two senior researchers (Malmi, Korhonen) 9 doctoral students and 3 MSc students. Since the beginning, in 2000 the groups have published (including accepted papers) over 20 international journal papers, and over 40 international conference papers, and many research papers in Finnish journals and conferences. Most publication forums have been in the fields of computing education, computing education research and educational technology. Most of the research in COMPSER/SVG groups can be characterized as applied research, and the results have been extensively applied to improving programming education at TKK. However, there are basic research problems, as well, such as developing novel algorithms for identifying different forms of student's misconceptions from their submissions. PM&RG PM&RG research group develops a methodology for designing mobile and ubiquitous services. Methodology comprises experimentation, balanced brokering, and design data modeling. PM&RG WWW pages contain more information on research, education, seminars and events, and other activities of the group. Please, do not hesitate to contact. Planning Systems Group.

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C. Pro AM -6 Robocop -5 Rygar -8 Scheherazade (The Magic of) 11 Section Z 5 Screw - 8 Sesame Street 123 -5 Skate or Die 2 -6 Slalom -9 Star Tropics -8 Super Mario Bros -9 Super Mario Bros II -11 Super Mario Bros III -10 Super Mario Bros and Duck Hunt -5 Super Mario Bros/Duck Hunt/World Class Track Meet -6 T & C Surf Designs -5 Tecmo Bowl -8 Tecmo Super Bowl -17 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles -7 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 2, The Arcade Game -10 Tetris -7 The Last Starfighter -13 The Legend of Kage -8 The Little Mermaid -7 The Magic of Scheherazade -13 Tiny Toon Adventures -11 Top Gun -5 Top Gun Second Mission -6 Top Players Tennis -5 Track and Field II -5 Trojan 5 Screw -8 Wheel of Fortune -5 Wild Gunman 5 Screw-14 Willow -10 World Class Track Meet -5 Wrath of the Black Manta -5 WWF Wrestlemania -5 Wrestlemania Challenge -5 Xexyz -10 Zelda -15 Nintendo 3DS Mega Man Legacy Collection Collector's Edition (Gold Amiibo Bundle) Factory Sealed -78 Angry Birds Trilogy -7 Cubic Ninja -15 The Hidden -10 Carts Only Pacman Party 3D -12 Pokemon Sun -14 Panasonic 3DO Alone in the Dark -19 Blade Force -10 Gridders -16 Killing Time (Game and Case) 27 Lost Files of Sherlock Holmes (Long Box) 52 Quaratine (Long Box) 30 Road Rash (long box, no manual) 38 Seal of the Pharoh (Game and Case) 20 Space Hulk (long box, no manual) 27 Total Eclipse (Game and Case) 12 Twisted the Game Show (game and manual) 12 Playstation Long Box Games Air Combat -14 Battle Arena Toshinden -15 ESPN Extreme Games -13 Kileak the DNA Imperative -13 Krazy Ivan (no manual, Blockbuster disc -9 PGA Tour Golf -8 Ridge Racer -15 War Hawk -14 Regular Games 007 The World is not Enough (Greatest Hits) 6 Apocolypse -13 Beyblade -6 Broken Helix -9 Casper -7 Cool Boarders 3 -6 Covert Ops, Nuclear Dawn -10 Creatures -7 Cyber Tiger -5 Dave Mirra BMX - 5 Diablo -58 Driver -8 Driver 2 -9 Driver 2 (Greatest Hits) 8 Dukes of Hazard 2 -8 Final Fantasy VII -35 Ford Racing - Gex -12 Grand Turismo 2 (Greatest Hits) 7 Grand Theft Auto 2 Collector's Edition -24 Grudge Warriors -6 Gunfighter the Legend of Jesse James -7 Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone -8 Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (Greatest Hits) 8 Jeopardy -5 Jet Moto 3-7 Kiss Pinball -5 Knockout Kings 2000 -6 Lego Racers -11 Lode Runner -20 Matt Hoffman's Pro BMX -7 Megaman X4 -17 Mega Man 8 (Greatest Hits) 11 MTV Music Generator -10 Mortal Kombat Trilogy (Greatest Hits) 17 Moto Racer -6. 25 Nascar Rumble -10 Need for Speed High Stakes -8 Need for Speed 3 Hot Pursuit (Greatest Hits) 7 Need for Speed V Rally -7 Newman Haas Racing -5 NFL Blitz -8 Ninja Shadow of Darkness -14 Nuclear Strike -6 Pac Man 20th Anniversary -9 Perfect Weapon -6 Polaris Snowcross - 5 Pong -5 Pro Pinball Fantastic Journey -5 Rampage 2, Universal Tour -16 Rainbow Six -6 Rainbow Six, Lone Wolf -6 Rally Cross II - Rayman, Greatest Hits - 11 Rayman Brain Games -6 Shrek Treasure Hunt - 6 Snocross Championship Racing -5 Spec Ops Ranger Elite -5 Spec Ops Stealth Patrol -5 Spongebob Squarepants, Supersponge (Greatest Hits) 6 Spyro the Dragon (Greatest Hits) 13 Star Wars Rebel Assault 2 -8 Street Sk8r -6 Street Sk8er 2 - 7 Team Losi RC Racer - 8 Tenchu Stealth Assassin's -13 Tenchu 2 -17 Ten Pin Alley - 5 Ten Pin Alley (Greatest Hits) 5 The Grinch -14 The Legend of Dragoon (Greatest Hits) 20 Tiny Tank -10 TNN Motorsports Hardcore 4x4 -5 Tomb Raider II -8 Tony Hawk 2 - 14 Top Gun (Long Box, no manual) 8 Twisted Metal III Greatest Hits -11 WCW NWO Thunder -7 Williams Arcade's Greatest Hits - 8 World's Scariest Police Chases -8 World Worms Party -10 Xena Warrior Princess - 8 Playstation 2 007 Agent Under Fire - 5 Ace Combat 5 -6 Activision Anthology -7 Airborne Troops -5 AMF Extreme Bowling -5 Antigrav -5 Area 51 -14 Art of Fighting Anthology -13 Atari Anthology -7 ATV Off Road Fury 2 -5 ATV Off Road Fury 2 (Greatest Hits) 5 Barbie Horse Adventures Wild Horse Rescue -9 Batman Begins -8 Batman Rise of Sin Tzu -10 Batman Vengeance -10 Ben 10, Protector of Earth (Greatest Hits, Game and Case) 5 Big Mutha Truckers - 7 Big Mutha Truckers 2 -7 Brothers in Arms, Earned in Blood -5 Brothers in Arms Road to Hill 30 (Game and Case) 5 BMX XXX -6 Buffy the Vampire Slayer -14 Bully (Greatest Hits) 10 Burnout 3 -12 Burnout Revenge -7 Buzz Junior Jungle Party -7 Call of Duty 3 -5 Call of Duty Legacy Bundle -11 Call of Duty World at War (Greatest Hits, Game and Case) 5 Capcom Classics Collection Volume 1 -10 Capcom Classics Collection Volume 2 -10 Capcom vs SNK 2 (Game and Case) 28 Cart Fury -7 Casper Spirit Dimensions -7 Castle Shigami 2 -20 Chaos Legion -11 Civil War, a Nation Divided -5 Conflict Vietnam - 7 Conflict Desert Storm - 6 Corvette -5 Crash Wrath of Cortex (Greatest Hits) 7 D1 Professional Drift Grand Prix Series -17 Dark Cloud 2 (former rental copy) 16 Devil May Cry -6 Devil May Cry 2 -7 Dora Saves the Mermaids - 5 Dragon Ball Z Budokai 2 - 9 Dragon Ball Z, Budokai 3 -12 Dragon Ball Z Sagas -12 Driver 3-10 Drome Racers -5 Dr. Muto -10 Dynasty Warriors 4 -7 Dynasty Warriors 4 Empires -10 Dynasty Warriors 5 (Game and Case) 8 Ejay Club World -5 Egg Mania Eggstreme Madness -5 Enter the Matrix Path of Neo -11 Enter the Matrix (Greatest Hits) 5 Enthusia Professional Racing -7 Eragon - 5 Falling Stars -10 Family Feud -6 Family Guy -8 Fatal Fury Battle Archives Volume 1 -12 Fatal Fury Battle Archives Volume 2 -15 Fight Night Round 3 -8 Final Fantasy X -6 Final Fantasy X -6 Final Fantasy X-2 -10 Final Fantasy XI Chains of Promithia Expansion Pack -9 Final Fantasy XII -6 Finding Nemo (Greatest Hits) 5 Fire Pro Wrestling Returns -11 Fisherman's Bass Club -5 Ford vs Chevy (Game and Case) 5 Ford Racing 3 -5 Formula One 2001 -5 Front Mission 4 -10 Full Metal Alchemist Broken Angel -12 Fur Fighters - 7 Ghost in the Shell, Standalone Complex -19 Ghost Rider -8 Godai Elemental Force -5 God of War -8 God of War II -7 God of War II (Greatest Hits) 7 Godzilla Unleashed -23 Grand Theft Auto Vice City -5 Grand Theft Auto San Andreas -8 Gran Turismo 3 -5 Gran Turismo 3 (Greatest Hits) 5 Gran Turismo 4 -5 Guilty Gear X -12 Guilty Gear XXX Accent Core -13 Guilty Gear XXX Accent Core Plus -29 Gun -7 Hard Rock Casino -5 Haven Call of the King - 6 Herdy Gerdy -6 High Rollers Casino - 5 High School Musical Sing it! 5 Hitman Blood Money -7 Hitman 2 Greatest Hits -5 Hitman Trilogy -15 Hot Shots Tennis -5 Hot Wheels World Race -10 Hulk -7 Intellevision Lives! 8 IHRA Professional Drag Racing 2005 -5 IHRA Drag Racing Sportsman Edition-6 Island Xtreme Stunts -9 Jak and Dexter (Greatest Hits case) 6 Jak II -6 Jak III -7 Jaws Unleashed -10 Jeep Thrills - 5 Jeopardy -5 Jurassic the Hunted -9 Justice League Heroes -9 Katamari Damacy -10 King of Fighters 98-34 King of Fighters 2001-16 King of Fighters 2006-12 King of Fighters XI-12 Legend of Spyro, A New Beginning -11 Legend of Spyro, Dawn of the Dragon -23 Legend of Spyro, the Eternal Night -11 Legends of Wrestling -7 Lego Star Wars (Greatest Hits. 6 Lethal Skies 2 -7 Madden 2003 -5 Madden 2004 -5 Madden 2005 -5 Manhunt 2 -20 Marvel Nemesis Rise of the Imperfects -8 Marvel Super Hero Squad -6 Marvel Ultimate Alliance Special Edition -7 Mary Kate and Ashley Sweet 16 -5 Max Payne (Greatest Hits) 6 Max Payne 2 -6 Maximo Ghosts to Glory -11 Medal of Honor Frontline -6 Medal of Honor European Assault -6 Medal of Honor Rising Sun -6 Mega Man Anniversary Collection -8 Mega Man X Collection -8 Metal Gear Solid 2 Sons of Liberty -6 Metal Gear Solid 3 Snake Eater -8 Metal Slug Anthology -20 Midnight Club (Greatest Hits) 7 Midnight Club 2 (Greatest Hits, Game and Case) 7 Midnight Club 3 Dub Edition Remix (Greatest Hits) 15 Midway Arcade Treasures - 8 Midway Arcade Treasures 1 - 10 Midway Arcade Treasures 2- 12 Midway Arcade Treasures 3- 12 Mike Tyson's Heavyweight Boxing -8 Mobil Suit Gundam Encounters in Space -13 Mobil Suit Gundam Never Ending Tomorrow -12 Monster Jam Maximum Destruction -7 Monsters Inc -7 Mortal Kombat Deadly Alliance -9 Mortal Kombat Shaolin Monks -18 Motor Mayhem -5 Mountain Bike Adrenaline -5 MTV Music Generator 3 -5 Narc - 9 Nascar 05 -5 Nascar 07 -5 NBA Street -8 NBA 2K2 -5 NBA Live 04 -5 NBA Live 06 -5 NCAA Basketball 2009 -7 Need for Speed Carbon Collector's Edition -12 Need for Speed Hot Pursuit 2 -8 Need for Speed Hot Pursuit 2 (Greatest Hits) 9 Need for Speed Most Wanted -11 Need for Speed Underground - Neo Geo Battle Coliseum -13 NHL 06 -5 NHL 08 -5 Odin Sphere -10 Onimusha -7 Onimusha 2 -9 Onimusha 3 -11 Onimusha Dawn of Dreams -20 Outlaw Golf -7 Outrun 2006 -25 Pac Man Fever -7 Pac Man World 2 (Greatest Hits) 8 Power Drome -5 Power Rangers Dino Thunder -7 Prince of Persia Sands of Time -6 Prince of Persia Warrior Within -6 Project Eden -6 Rampage, Total Destruction -8 Ratchet and Clank Going Commando (Greatest Hits) 7 Ratchet and Clank Up Your Arsenal -7 Ratchet: Deadlocked -7 Rayman Arena -7 RC Revenge Pro -6 Rebel Raiders -5 Red Faction (Greatest Hits) 5 Resident Evil 4 (Greatest Hits) 7 Ring of Red 3 (rental store copy) 13 Risk Global Domination -7 Rock Band -5 Rocket Power Beach Bandits -7 Rocky -7 RPG Maker II (Game and Case) 7 Ruff Trigger The Vancore Conspiracy (Game and Case) 7 Rumble Racing -11 Rune Viking Warlord -8 Samurai Showdown Anthology -23 SBK Superbike World Championship -5 Scooby Doo Mystery Mahem -11 Scooby Doo Night of 100 Frights -10 Sega Classics Collection -9 Sega Genesis Collection -8 Shadow of the Colossus (Greatest Hits) 7 Shark Tale -5 Shaun Palmer's Pro Snowboarder -5 Shining Force Neo -21 Silent Hill 2 (Game and Case) 29 Silent Scope -5 Ski Doo Snow Racing -5 Sly Cooper (Greatest Hits) 7 Sly 3 Honor Among Thieves -8 SNK Classics Collection Volume 1 -16 Socom Combined Assault (Greatest Hits) 5 Socom US Navy Seals (Greatest Hits) 5 Sonic Heroes (Greatest Hits) 7 Sonic Mega Collection Plus -7 Sonic Riders -10 Sonic Unleashed -7 Soul Calibur II -6 Soul Calibur III -10 Space Race (Game and Case) 9 Spiderman -7 Spiderman Friend of Foe -8 Splashdown -5 Splashdown Rides Gone Wild -7 Spongebob Revenge of the Flying Dutchman -8 Sprint Cars, Road to Knoxville -5 Spyro, Enter the Dragonfly-10 Starsky and Hutch -5 Stars Wars The Force Unleashed (Greatest Hits) 6 Star Wars Starfighter -5 Street Fighter Alpha Anthology -11 Street Fighter Anniversary Collection -9 Street Racing Syndicate -9 Strike Force Bowling -5 Summoner -7 Summoner 2 -9 Super Trucks Racing -5 Superman Shadow of Apokolips -7 Syphon Filter the Omega Strain -5 Taito Legends -14 Taito Legends 2 (Game and Case) 19 Tak and the Power of Juju -8 Teen Titans -14 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles -10 Tekken 5 (Greatest Hits, Game and Case) 8 Terminator 3, Rise of the Machines -9 Tetris Worlds -5 The Cat in the Hat -7 The Getaway Black Monday -8 The Godfather -10 The Godfather Limited Edition -15 The Incredible Hulk Ultimate Destruction -11 The Incredibles Rise of the Underminer -7 The Lord of the Rings The Fellowship of the Ring-7 The Lord of the Rings the Two Towers (Greatest Hits) 6 The Scorpion King -5 The Sims -7 The Sims Bustin Out -8 The Sims 2 -7 The Simpsons Road Rage (Greatest Hits) 7 The Sopranos -7 The Urbz, Sims in the City -8 The Warriors -18 Theme Park Roller Coaster -6 Thunderstrike Operation Phoenix -5 Tiger Woods PGA Tour 2003 -5 Tiger Woods PGA Tour 2007 -5 Tiger Woods PGA Tour 2008 -5 Time Crisis 3 -10 Time Crisis: Crisis Zone -12 Tom and Jerry War of the Whiskers -10 Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon (Greatest Hits) 5 Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Advanced Warfighter -5 Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six 3-6 Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell -6 Tony Hawk Underground 2 -11 Top Gun -5 Transformers -9 Transformers the Game -5 Trigger Man -5 True Crime New York City -10 Turok Evolution (Game and Case) 6 Van Helsing -8 Vietcong -7 Virtua Fighter 4 -6 Virtau Fighter 4 Evolution (Greatest Hits) 6 Warriors Orichi (Game and Case. 7 War of the Monsters (Game and Case) 12 Wheel of Fortune -5 Wild Wild Racing -6 World Championship Poker -5 World Series of Poker - Wolverine's Revenge -7 World Heroes Anthology -14 WWE Smackdown Here Comes the Pain (Game and Case, Greatest Hits) 20 WWE Smackdown Shut Your Mouth -11 WWE Smackdown vs Raw 2006 -9 WWE Smackdown vs Raw 2007 (Game and Case) 6 X-Men - 5 X-Men Legends -8 X-Men Next Dimension -9 X-Men Origins Wolverine -7 X Games -5 Zone of the Enders -7 Playstation 3 Air Conflicts Pacific Carriers -11 Armored Core V -15 Battlefield 3 -5 Battlefield 4 -5 Brutal Legend -7 Call of Duty Black Ops III -11 Crysis 2, Limited Edition -7 Deadspace -10 Destiny, Taken King Legendary Edition -9 Diablo 3 -7 Dishonored - 6 Dynasty Warriors 6 (Greatest Hits, Game and Case) 5 End War (Tom Clancy) 5 Fallout 3 -7 FEAR 2 -8 Fifa 10 -5 Fifa 12 -5 Final Fantasy XIII -8 Formula One (F1) Championship Edition -8 Front Mission Evolved -7 Fuse - 5 God of War III -6 Gran Turismo 5 -6 Grand Theft Auto IV - High Velocity Bowling -7 History Channel Battle for the Pacific -10 History Channel Legends of War Patton -12 Injustice Ultimate Edition -9 Killzone 2 -6 Lego Harry Potter Years 1-4 -9 Lego Star Wars Complete Saga -19 Little Big Planet Kart Racing (no manual) 7 Madden 2007 -5 Madden 2009 -5 Madden 2010 -5 Madden 2011 -5 MAG - 5 Mass Effect 2 -6 Metal Gear Solid 4 -7 Minecraft -16 MLB 09 The Show -5 Monster Madness, Grave Danger -10 Naruto Ultimate Ninja Storm -11 NBA Live 10 -5 NCAA Football 2010 -5 Ni no Kuni, Wrath of the White Witch -12 Pacman and the Ghostly Adventures -13 Plants vs Zombies, Garden Warfare -9 Port Royale 3 -9 Risen 2 (Game and Case) 6 Rock of the Dead -6 Rock Revolution -5 Saints Row II (Greatest Hits) 9 Shellshock 2 -8 Sniper, Ghost Warrior -6 Sniper, Ghost Warrior 2 -11 Socom Confrontation -6 Splinter Cell, Double Agent -9 Star Wars the Force Unleashed -9 Street Fighter X Tekken - 9 Stormrise -6 The Darkness -10 The Sly Collection (Game and Case) 17 Topspin 3 -5 Twisted Metal - UFC Undisputed 2010 -6 Uncharted 2 -6 Uncharted 3 -6 Unreal Tournament III (Game and Case) 5 Untold Legends, Dark Kingdom -5 Warhawk -5 World Rally Championships 3 (Game and Case) 10 X Men Destiny -10 Yaiba Ninja Gaiden Z -7 Sega CD Lethal Enforcers Light Gun in Box (includes game) 74 Adventures of Batman and Robin -43 Advanced Dungeons and Dragons, Eye of the Beholder - 32 Battlecorps -27 Chuck Rock II -29 Cliffhanger -15 Cobra Command (disc only) 11 Ecco the Dolphin and Sega Classics -24 Eternal Champions -33 Hook (disc and manual, generic case) 12 Jurassic Park -12 Mad Dog McCree II (no manual) 15 Microcrosm -13 Mortal Kombat (disc and manual, generic case) 15 NBA Jam -19 NFL's Greatest Teams -10 NHL 94 -16 Puggsy -26 Rise of the Dragon (disc only) 15 Shining Force CD -160 Silpheed -30 Soi Feace -10 Star Wars Rebel Assault -24 The Amazing Spiderman vs. The Kingpin -45 The Secret of Monkey Island (disc only) 19 Sega Dreamcast AeroWings -11 AirForce Delta -11 Blue Stinger -20 Bomberman Online -35 Bust-A-Move 4 -19 Chu Chu Rocket -14 Crazy Taxi 2 -24 Dave Mirra Freestyle BMX -8 Death Crimson OX -30 Demolition Racer -12 EGG Elemental Gimmick Gear -83 Evolution 2 Far off Promise -35 Evolution the World of Sacred Device -15 Expendable -17 Fatal Fury Mark of the Wolves -63 Fighting Force 2-10 Fur Fighters -24 Gauntlet Legends -34 Gunbird 2 -88 Illbleed -100 Jeremy McGrath Supercross 2000 -8 King of Fighters Dream Match '99 -30 Last Blade 2 Heart of the Samurai -45 Looney Tunes Space Race -24 Marvel vs Capcom -43 Marvel vs Capcom 2 -83 Metropolis Street Racer -16 Midway Arcade Greatest Hits Volume 1 -12 MTV Sports Skateboarding -11 MS Pacman Maze Madness -14 Namco Museum -11 NBA 2K1 - 7 NBA Hoopz -27 NBA Showtime on NBC -13 NFL 2K1 -5 NFL 2K2 -9 NFL Blitz 2000 -15 Ooga Booga -17 Outrigger -44 Power Stone -45 Quake III Arena -12 Rainbow Six Rogue Spear -13 Rayman 2 The Great Escape -25 Record of Lodoss War -45 Resident Evil CODE Veronica -21 Rippin' Riders Snowboarding -7 San Francisco Rush 2049 -32 Sega Bass Fishing -9 Sega GT -10 Sega Marine Fishing -9 Sega Smash Pack -12 Shadow Man -17 Silent Scope -19 Silver -25 Slave Zero -12 Space Channel 5 -12 Speed Devils -13 Sports Jam -23 Street Fighter Alpha 3 -42 Street Fighter III 3rd Strike: Fight for the Future -70 Striker Pro 2000 -12 Super Runabout SF Edition -23 Sword of the Berserk: Gut's Rage -34 Tee Off -9 Tennis 2K2 -10 Test Drive 6 -10 Tokyo Xtreme Racer -20 Tokyo Xtreme Racer 2 -40 Tomb Raider Chronicles -13 Tomb Raider The Last Revelation -11 Tom Clancy Rainbow Six -9 Tony Hawk 2 -15 Toy Commander -14 Ultimate Fighting Championship -8 Vigilante 8 Second Offense -14 Virtua Fighter 3tb -23 Virtua Striker 2 -12 Wetrix -12 World Series Baseball 2K1 -5 WWF Attitude -7 Xtreme Sports -10 Zombie Revenge -30 Sega Genesis Aladdin (Game and Case) 12 Battletoads (Game and Case) 38 Batman Returns -17 Biohazard Battle (Game and Case) 20 Boogerman (Game and Case) 29 Combat Cars (Game and Case) 7 Dracula (Game and Case) 11 Earthworm Jim (Cardboard Box) 25 F22 Interceptor -5 Fatal Fury (Game and Case) 15 Garfield Caught in the Act -19 Hard Drivin (Cardboard Box) 10 Joe Montana Football -10 Kid Chameleon (manual a bit rough) 20 Lotus II -10 Madden 95 (Game and Case) 6 Madden 97 - 7 Mercs (no manual) 24 Mortal Kombat -13 Mortal Kombat 3 -13 MS Pacman -9 Ms PacMan (Cardboard Box) 8 NBA Jam -11 NBA Live 96 - 6. 50 NFL Football 94 -6 NFL Quaterback Club -6 Out of this World (Game and Case) 20 Pacman 2 The New Adventures - PGA Tour Golf II -6. 25 Phantasy Star II -54 Rocket Knight Adventures (Game and Case) 36 Shaq Fu (Game and Case) 6 Shining Force -55 Shinobi III -44 Skitchin (Game and Case) 12 Sonic the Hedgehog (Not for Resale version) 11 Sonic 2 -10 Sonic Spinball -10 Spiderman -22 Sword of Vermillion (Game and Case) 20 Taz in Escape from Mars -9 TazMania -8 The Ren and Stimpy Show (Game and Case) 12 Tony Larussa Baseball -6 Toy Story (Cardboard Box) 15 Vectorman (Cardboard Box, Greatest Hits) 16 Wacky Worlds Creativity Studio (includes mouse) 42 Where in The World is Carmen San Diego -25 Where in Time is Carmen San Diego -13 WWF Royal Rumble (Game and Case) 11 Carts Only Arcade Classics -6 Asterix and the Great Rescue - 6 Barkley Shut Up and Jam -5 Batman Forever (Label Peeling. Batman Returns - Boogerman -15 Bulls vs Blazers -5 Bubsy - Clayfighter -7 Cliffhanger -6 Clue -5 College Football's National Championship -5 Columns -5 Earthworm Jim 2 -23 Eternal Champions -6. 50 Fifa International Soccer -5 Flashback, the Quest for Identity -8 Gargoyles -25 Genesis 6 Pak -8 Greendog, the Beached Surfer Dude -7 Hard Drivin -5 Jurassic Park - Jurassic Park Rampage Edition (label fading) 6 Justice League Task Force -9 King of the Monsters -10 Klax -6 Lakers vs. Celtics -5 LHX Attack Chopper -5 Madden 94 -5 Madden 95 -5 Madden 97 -5 Mortal Kombat III -11 NBA Hangtime -6 NBA Jam -6 NBA Jam Tournament Edition - 8 NCAA Football -5 NFL Football 94 -5 NFL 95 -5 NHL 94 -10 NHL 97 -6 Olympic Gold -5 Predator 2 -14 Road Blasters -8 Roger Clemens MVP Baseball -5 Shining in the Darkness -17 (Game and Manual) Sonic the Hedgehog (Not for Resale) 6 Sonic 2 (Not for Resale) 5 Sonic 3 -13 Sonic and Knuckles -12 Sonic 3D Blast -8 Spiderman Maximum Carnage -18 Spot Goes to Hollywood -11 Street Fighter II Special Championship Edition (sticker has nick) 8 Sub Terrania -7 Super High Impact -5 Sword of Vermillion -10 Sylvester and Tweety in Cagey Capers -7 Talespin -9 Tecmo Super Bowl -7 The Jungle Book -8 The Lion King -8 The Revenge of Shinobi -14 TNN Outdoors Bass Tournament 96 -5 Toejam and Earl -24 Toejam and Earl Panic in Funkatron -15 Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3 -18 Vectorman -7 Vectorman 2 -8 World Series Baseball -5 WWF WrestleMania: The Arcade Game -11 WWF Super Wrestlemania 6 WWF Raw -6 Sega Master System Action Fighter (no manual) 12 Ariel Assault (no manual) 48 Alien Syndrome -11 Captain Silver (no manual) 18 Cyborg Hunter -20 Great Baseball -6 Great Football -7 Hang On/Astro Warrior (no manual) 13 Maze Hunter 3D -13 Missile Defense 3D (no manual) 8 Shanghai -8 Shinobi -28 Spellcaster (no manual) 24 Zillion -25 Sega Saturn Black Fire -10 Madden 97 -5 Road Rash -34 Sega Rally Championship -22 Virtua Cop 2 (Big Box w/ Light Gun) 90 SNES Super Metroid -128 Cart Only Alien vs Predator -20 Battletoads in Battlemaniacs -33 Breath of Fire -27 Claymates - 11 F Zero -9 Joe and Mac -14 John Madden Football -5 Ken Griffey Jr. 's Winning Run -7 King of the Monsters 2 -13 Mario Paint -12 Mighty Morphin Power Rangers -12 Mortal Kombat 3 (label faded, rental sticker) 8 Nickelodeon Guts -8 Operation Europe -12 Robocop vs the Terminator -12 Rockos Modern Life -19 Separation Anxiety -20 Sim Ant -18 Spankys Quest -16 Street Fighter 2 Turbo -12 Super High Impact -5 Super Mario 2, Yoshi's Island (nick on sticker) 20 Super Mario World -12 Super Scope 6 -6 Super Slap Shot -5 T2 the Arcade Game -8 TMNT Tournament Fighters -16 The Magical Quest Starring Mickey Mouse -16 Tiny Toon Buster Busts Loose (writing on label) 7 Top Gear 2 -15 Toy Story -10 Troddlers -11 Virtual Bart -20 WildSnake -6 Yoshi's Cookie -10 Xardion -20 Zombies Ate My Neighbors -25 TurboGrafx 16 Bonk's Adventure -41 Bonk's Revenge -56 Dungeons and Dragons Order of the Griffon (game and manual only) 100 Klax - 26 Neutopia (missing manual) 68 Night Creatures - 63 Wii Animal Crossing CIty Folk (Game and Case. 9 A Boy and His Blog -12 AMF Bowling World Lanes -7 ATV Quad Kings -5 Agatha Christie's And Then There Were None -8 Alien Syndrome -6 Alone in the Dark -6 Angry Birds Trilogy -9 Animal Kingdom Wildlife Expedition -6 Annubis II -5 Army Rescue -6 Attack of the Movies 3D -6 Back to the Future (Game and Case) 11 Barbie Horse Adventures Riding Camp -7 Barbie and the Three Musketeers -5 Batallion Wars 2 -8 Battleship -5 Ben 10 Protector of Earth -5 Bigfoot Collision Course -6 Billy the Wizard -5 Boom Blox -6 Boom Blox Bash Party -7 Brave, A Warrior's Tale -6 Broken Sword - 8 Bust a Moove Bash - 5 Call of Duty Modern Warfare 3 -5 Call of Duty World at War -5 Cartoon Network Punchtime Explosion -10 Castle of Shikigami III - 32 Cate West Vanishing Files -6 Centipede Infestation -6 Chicken Blaster -5 Chicken Shoot -5 Conduit -7 Cursed Mountain -8 Dance Dance Revolution Disney Grooves -11 Data East Arcade Classics -47 De Blob -5 De Blob 2 - 6 Dead Space Extraction -12 Deadly Creatures -13 Death Jr Root of Evil (game and case) 7 Deca Sports -5 Destroy All Humans Big Willy Unleashed -8 Disney Guilty Party -8 Disney Sing It! Family Hits -10 Dokapon Kingdom -100 Donkey Kong Country Returns -12 Dragon Blade Wrath of Fire -5 Dragon's Lair Trilogy -37 Dreamworks Superstar Kartz - 9 Endless Ocean -7 Endless Ocean Blue World -9 Excite Bots Trick Racing -10 Excite Truck -7 Excitebots Trick Racing -8 Facebreaker KO Party -6 Family Feud 2012 -9 Family Game Night -9 Family Game Night 2 -7 Family Game Night 3 -14 Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles Crystal Bearers -10 Fortune Street -15 Fragile Dreams, Farewell Ruins of the World -37 Gem Smashers -7 Geometry Wars Galaxy -8 Ghostbusters -10 Glacier 2 - Goosebumps Horror Land - 7 Gormiti -6 Guilty Gear XX Accent Core -12 Happy Feet -5 Harvey Birdman Attorney at Law -6 Haunted House -8 I Love Horses, Rider's Paradise -10 Ice Age Dawn of the Dinosaurs -8 Ice Age 2 the Meltdown -6 Impossible Mission -7 Juon The Grudge (Game and Case) 40 Just Dance 2 -6 Just Dance 2014 -8 Just Dance 3 -6 Just Dance Disney 2 (Game and Case) 9 Just Dance Greatest Hits -10 Just Dance Kids -5 Kart Racer -5 Kirbys Epic Yarn -11 Kirbys Return to Dreamland -27 Klonoa -35 Lego Harry Potter, Years 1-4 -8 Lego Indiana Jones 2 -5 Little King's Story -14 Little League World Series Baseball 2009 -7 Lost in Shadow -18 MLB Power Pros -5 Mad Dog McCree Gunslinger Pack -24 Mad World -11 Madagascar Kartz -5 Mario Kart w/ Nintendo Wheel -20 Mario and Sonic at the Olympic Games -8 Martian Panic -5 Marvel Super Hero Squad -7 Marvel Super Hero Squad the Infinity Gauntlet -7 Metal Slug Anthology -17 Mini Clip Sushi Go Round -6 Monster Jam, Urban Assault -6 Monster Lab -5 Monsters vs Aliens -5 Muramasa The Demon Blade -19 Mushroom Men -7 My Sims Agents -5 Naruto Clash of Ninja Revolution -6 Naruto Shipuden Dragon Blade Chronicles -7 Need for Speed Carbon -7 Need for Speed Nitro -8 Need for Speed Pro Street -5 Nerf N Strike -5 New Super Mario Bros Wii -12 Nicktoons MLB -7 Nights Journey into Dreams -6 Ninjabread Man -5 No More Heroes -25 No More Heroes 2 -47 Obscure the Aftermath -7 Octomania -6 Pet Pals Animal Doctor -7 Pinball Hall of Fame the Williams Collection -5 Pirates of the Caribbean, At World's End -5 Planes -7 Pop N Music -6. 50 Puss N Boots -5 Rango -5 Rayman Origins -8 Red Steel 2 -10 Redsteel 2 -10 Resident Evil 4 -12 Resident Evil Archives -8 Resident Evil Darkside Chronicles -16 Resident Evil Umbrella Chronicles -10 Resident Evil Zero -10 Rhythm Heaven Fever -29 Rise of the Guardians -5 Rodea the Sky Soldier Rogoo Twisted Towers -6 Rogue Trooper -10 Rygar the Battle of Argus -7 Samba De Amigo -5 Samurai Showdown Anthology (Game and Case) 22 Samurai Warriors 3 -6 Scooby Doo First Frights - 8 Scooby Doo and the Spooky Swamp - 11 Sega Bass Fishing - Shiren the Wanderer (Game and Case) 32 Shrek Forever After -5 Silent Hill Shattered Memories -28 Sim Animals Africa -6 Sim City Creator -7 Sin & Punishment, Star Successor -14 Skate It 5 SNK Arcade Classics Volume 1 -16 SSX -5 Sonic Colors -10 Sonic and Sega All Star Racing - 9 Soul Calibur Legends -7 Spectrobes Origins -6 Speed Racer -5 Spiderman 3 -6 Sponegebob Truth or Square -6 Spongebob's Boating Bash -7 Spyborgs -12 Star Wars Clone Wars Lightsaber Duels-6 Star Wars Clone Wars Republic Heroes-5 Super Mario All Stars Limited Edition -20 Super Mario Galaxy -13 Super Mario Galaxy 2 -17 Super Monkey Ball Banana Blitz -6 Super Monkey Ball Step & Roll -8 Super Paper Mario -11 Super Swing Golf Season 2 - 8 Tatsonuko vs Capcom -25 The House of the Dead 2 and 3 -11 The House of the Dead Overkill -19 The King of Fighters Collection -19 The Kore Gang -9 The Monkey King -7 The Munchables -23 The Price is Right -6 The Secret Saturdays Beasts of the 5th Sun -5 The Sky Crawlers -8 The Smurfs, Dance Party -5 Tiger Woods 09 -5 Tiger Woods 10 -5 Tiger Woods 12 -16 Top Shot Arcade -11 Tornado Outbreak -6 Toy Story 3 (Game and Case) 7 Trauma Center New Blood -7 Trauma Center Second Opinion -8 Trauma Team -18 UFC Trainer -7 Valhalla Knights -11 WWE Smackdown vs. Raw 2009 -6 WWII Aces -5 Wario Ware Smooth Moves -11 We Ski -5 Wii Fit -5 Wii Sports (disc only) 9 Wii Sports Resort -12 Wild Earth African Safari -5 Worms a Space Oddity -5 Wreck it Ralph -9 You Don't Know Jack -6 Wii U Amazing Spiderman -18 Amazing Spiderman 2 -12 Epic Mickey 2 -7 ESPN Sports Connection -11 Hello Kitty Kruisers -40 Just Dance 4 -6 Lego Batman 2 (Game and Case) 7 Lego Marvel Super Heroes -6 Madden 13 -11 Mario and Sonic at the 2014 Olympic Games -15 Mario Kart 8 -18 Mass Effect 3 - 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Year: 2019
Musical

country: USA
This colm wilkinson has the best Voice i ever heart, he brings me to Tears, very, very good. Free online les misérables: the staged concert tickets. YouTube. Free Online Les MisÃrables: The Staged. Free online les misérables: the staged concert tour. Best thing ever! The cast is awesome, especially Quast as Javert <3 and Stars! Best song ever! Btw, 113 people were crying so hard that they can't tell the difference between the like and dislike buttons Edit: now there's 150.

É les misérables: the staged concert (2018) HD Full Movie Online

If you fast forward to ten seconds before the end, let the video end and then hit replay you can watch the whole show with no adverts 😁. Lea Salonga's On My Own at 1:20:13. Rated: To Be Announced Format: DVD This item can be delivered to United States. Details Dispatched from and sold by Amazon. Note: This item is eligible for click and collect. Details Pick up your parcel at a time and place that suits you. Choose from over 13, 000 locations across the UK Prime members get unlimited deliveries at no additional cost How to order to an Amazon Pickup Location? Find your preferred location and add it to your address book Dispatch to this address when you check out Learn more Special offers and product promotions Product description Product Description Seen by over 120 million people worldwide, LES MISÉRABLES is undisputedly one of the worlds most popular musicals. Coinciding with its 35th triumphant year in Londons West End, Cameron Mackintosh produced a spectacular sell-out staged concert version at the Gielgud Theatre featuring an all-star cast including Michael Ball, Alfie Boe, Carrie Hope Fletcher, Matt Lucas and John Owen Jones. Now experience the musical phenomenon at home, after it broke box office records and sold out its entire 16 week season. Featuring a cast and orchestra of over 65 and including the songs I Dreamed A Dream, Bring Him Home, One Day More and On My Own this sensational staged concert is not to be missed - an absolute must-see for any fans of musical theatre or live event cinema. Customer reviews 5 star 100% 4 star 0% 0% 0% 3 star 2 star 1 star 3 customer reviews There was a problem filtering reviews right now. Please try again later.

So the moment where the barricade turns to reveal Enjolras draped over the red flag. and the music. just cry every time. Worse than meh. Delivery Options in the United Kingdom Your delivery options vary, depending on what youre ordering. Standard UK delivery is always FREE over 30. Delivery costs are calculated at basket. Your options are: Our standard delivery is via second class post. This option takes 3-5 working days once the product is despatched from our warehouse 1 st Class delivery is available. If you place your order before 12:00, it should only take 1-2 working days. If you're feeling particularly eager to get your order as soon as possible, Next Business Day delivery is also available. Again - provided the order is placed prior to 12:00.  Please note that this service is only available Monday to Thursday. 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Free online les misérables: the staged concert schedule. Les Misérables - The Staged Concert Seen by over 120 million people worldwide, LES MISÉRABLES is undisputedly one of the worlds most popular musicals. Coinciding with its 35th triumphant year in Londons West End, Cameron Mackintosh produced a spectacular sold-out staged concert version at the Gielgud Theatre featuring an all-star cast including Michael Ball, Alfie Boe, Carrie Hope Fletcher, Matt Lucas and John Owen Jones. Now cinema audiences can experience the musical phenomenon which broke box office records and sold out its entire 16-week season. Featuring a cast and orchestra of over 65 and including the songs I Dreamed A Dream, Bring Him Home, One Day More and On My Own this sensational staged concert is not to be missed - an absolute must-see for any fans of musical theatre or event cinema - Synopsis provided by Internet Video Archive Les Misérables - The Staged Concert is not showing in any theaters in the area. Cast information not available at this time.

I want this tattooed on my forehead. OMG YEEEESSSS. GO CARIEEE. Free online les miserables: the staged concert dates. Wonderful absolutely Wonderful. Yea good show, I was there, shame the BIASED BROADCASTING COMPANY had to use it as a POLITICAL STAGE to get the anti Brexit message across, Just couldnt leave it out for one day. Free online les mis c3 a9rables 3a the staged concert karaoke. Free online les misérables: the staged concert show. 4. 1 of 5 from 48 ratings 2h 40min General info Available formats Synopsis: Show more Show less Seen by over 120 million people worldwide, Les Misérables' is undisputedly one of the worlds most popular musicals. Coinciding with its 35th triumphant year in Londons West End, Cameron Mackintosh produced a spectacular sell-out staged concert version at the Gielgud Theatre featuring an all-star cast including Michael Ball, Alfie Boe, Carrie Hope Fletcher, Matt Lucas and John Owen Jones. Now experience the musical phenomenon at home, after it broke box office records and sold out its entire 16 week season. Featuring a cast and orchestra of over 65 and including the songs 'I Dreamed a Dream. Bring Him Home. One Day More' and 'On My Own' this sensational staged concert is not to be missed - an absolute must-see for any fans of musical theatre or live event cinema. Studio: Universal Pictures Genres: British Films, Documentary, Coming Soon, Music & Musicals, Performing Arts, Special Interest Countries: UK BBFC: Release Date: 20/04/2020 Run Time: 160 minutes BBFC: Release Date: 20/04/2020 Run Time: 160 minutes Currently there are no reviews for this title.

Are they releasing a DVD after it hits cinemas. Les Misérables Music Claude-Michel Schönberg Lyrics Alain Boublil (French version) Jean-Marc Natel (French version) Herbert Kretzmer (English version) Book Claude-Michel Schönberg (French version) Trevor Nunn (English version) John Caird (English version) James Fenton (additional material for English version) Basis Les Misérables by Victor Hugo Premiere 24 September 1980: Palais des Sports, Paris Productions Multiple productions worldwide Awards Tony Award for Best Musical Tony Award for Best Book Tony Award for Best Score Laurence Olivier Award for Most Popular Show Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Musical Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Music Helpmann Award for Best Musical Les Misérables. French pronunciation: le mizeʁabl(ə. colloquially known in English-speaking countries as Les Mis. is a sung-through musical adapted from French poet and novelist Victor Hugo 's 1862 novel of the same name by Claude-Michel Schönberg (music) Alain Boublil and Jean-Marc Natel (original French lyrics) and Herbert Kretzmer (English lyrics. The original French musical premiered in Paris in 1980 with direction by Robert Hossein. Its English-language adaptation by producer Cameron Mackintosh has been running in London since October 1985, making it the longest-running musical in the West End and the second longest-running musical in the world after the original Off-Broadway run of The Fantasticks. Set in early 19th-century France, Les Misérables is the story of Jean Valjean, a French peasant, and his desire for redemption after serving nineteen years in jail for having stolen a loaf of bread for his sister's starving child. Valjean decides to break his parole and start his life anew after a bishop inspires him by a tremendous act of mercy, but he is relentlessly tracked down by a police inspector named Javert. Along the way, Valjean and a slew of characters are swept into a revolutionary period in France, where a group of young idealists attempt to overthrow the government at a street barricade. Background [ edit] Les Misérables was originally released as a French-language concept album, and the first musical-stage adaptation of Les Misérables was presented at the Palais des Sports in 1980. [1] However, the production closed after three months due to the expiry of the booking contract. citation needed] In 1983, about six months after producer Cameron Mackintosh had opened Cats on Broadway, he received a copy of the French concept album from director Peter Farago. Farago had been impressed by the work and asked Mackintosh to produce an English-language version of the show. Initially reluctant, Mackintosh eventually agreed. Mackintosh, in conjunction with the Royal Shakespeare Company, assembled a production team to adapt the French musical for a British audience. After two years in development, the English-language version opened in London on 8 October 1985, by the Royal Shakespeare Company at the Barbican Centre, then the London home of the RSC. The success of the West End musical led to a Broadway production. Critical reception and milestones [ edit] Critical reviews for Les Misérables were initially negative. At the opening of the London production, The Sunday Telegraph ' s Francis King described the musical as "a lurid Victorian melodrama produced with Victorian lavishness" and Michael Ratcliffe of The Observer considered the show "a witless and synthetic entertainment" while literary scholars condemned the project for converting classic literature into a musical. [2] 3] Public opinion differed: the box office received record orders. The three-month engagement sold out, and reviews improved. The original London production ran from October 1985 to July 2019, playing over 13, 000 performances and making it the second longest-running musical in the world after The Fantasticks, 4] the second longest-running West End show after The Mousetrap, 5] and the longest-running musical in the West End (followed by The Phantom of the Opera. 6] On 3 October 2010, the show celebrated its 25th anniversary with three productions running in London: the original production at the Queen's Theatre; the 25th Anniversary touring production at the Barbican Centre; and the 25th Anniversary concert at London's O2 Arena. [6] The Broadway production opened 12 March 1987 and ran until 18 May 2003, closing after 6, 680 performances. At the time of its closing, it was the second-longest running musical in broadway history. [7] As of 2019, it remains the sixth longest-running Broadway show. [8] The show was nominated for 12 Tony Awards and won eight, including Best Musical and Best Original Score. Subsequently, numerous tours and international and regional productions have been staged, as well as concert and broadcast productions. Several recordings have also been made. A Broadway revival opened in 2006 at the Broadhurst Theatre and closed in 2008, and a second Broadway revival opened in 2014 at the Imperial Theatre and closed in September 2016. The show was placed first in a BBC Radio 2 listener poll of Britain's "Number One Essential Musicals" in 2005, receiving more than forty percent of the votes. [9] A film version directed by Tom Hooper was released at the end of 2012 to generally positive reviews as well as numerous awards nominations, winning three Academy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards and four British Academy Film Awards (BAFTA. Emblem [ edit] The drawing of Cosette by Émile Bayard that served as the model for the musical's emblem. The musical's emblem is a picture of the waif Cosette sweeping the Thénardiers' inn (which occurs in the musical during "Castle on a Cloud. It is usually cropped to a head-and-shoulders portrait, superimposed on the French flag. The image is based on an etching by Gustave Brion, which in turn was based on the drawing by Émile Bayard. Bayard's drawing appeared in several of the novel's earliest French-language editions. Synopsis [ edit] Act I [ edit] In 1815 France, prisoners work at hard labour ( Work Song. After 19 years in prison (five for stealing bread for his sister's starving son and her family, and the rest for trying to escape) Jean Valjean, prisoner 24601" is released on parole by the prison guard Javert. By law, Valjean must display a yellow ticket of leave, which identifies him as an ex-convict ( On Parole. As a convict, Valjean is shunned wherever he goes and cannot find regular work with decent wages or lodging, but the Bishop of Digne offers him food and shelter. Desperate and embittered, Valjean steals the Bishop's silver and flees. He is captured by the police, but rather than turn him in, the Bishop lies and tells the police that the silver was a gift, giving Valjean a pair of silver candlesticks in addition. The Bishop tells Valjean that he must use the silver "to become an honest man" and that he has "bought (Valjean's) soul for God. Valjean Arrested, Valjean Forgiven. Ashamed and humbled by the Bishop's kindness, Valjean resolves to redeem his sins ( Valjean's Soliloquy. What Have I Done. He tears up his yellow ticket, breaking his parole but giving himself a chance to start a new life free from the stigma of his criminal past. Eight years later, in 1823, Valjean has assumed a new identity as Monsieur Madeleine, a wealthy factory owner and mayor of Montreuil-sur-Mer. Fantine is a single mother working in his factory, trying to support her daughter Cosette, who is being raised by an innkeeper and his wife while Fantine labours in the city. Unbeknownst to Valjean, the factory foreman lusts after Fantine, and when she rejects his advances, he takes it out on the other workers, who resent her for it. One day, a coworker steals a letter about Cosette from Fantine, revealing to the other workers that Fantine has a child. A fight breaks out, and the foreman and other workers use the incident as a pretence to fire Fantine ( At the End of the Day. Fantine reflects on her broken dreams and about Cosette's father, who abandoned them both. I Dreamed a Dream. Desperate for money, she sells her locket and hair, finally becoming a prostitute ( Lovely Ladies. When she fights back against an abusive customer, Bamatabois, Javert, now a police inspector stationed in Montreuil-sur-Mer, arrives to arrest her. But Valjean, passing by the scene, pities Fantine, and when he realises she once worked for him and that she blames him for her misfortune, he is guilt-stricken. He orders Javert to release her and takes her to a hospital ( Fantine's Arrest. Soon afterwards, Valjean rescues a man, Fauchelevent, who is pinned by a runaway cart ( The Runaway Cart. Javert, who has up until now not recognised Valjean, though he has pursued him as a fugitive all these years, witnesses the incident and becomes suspicious, remembering the incredible strength Valjean displayed in the work camp. But it turns out another man has been arrested, and is about to go to trial for breaking parole. The real Valjean realises that this case of mistaken identity could free him forever, but he is not willing to see an innocent man go to prison in his place and so confesses his identity to the court ( Who Am I? —The Trial. At the hospital, a delirious Fantine dreams of Cosette. Valjean promises to find Cosette and protect her ( Come to Me. Fantine's Death. Relieved, Fantine succumbs to her illness and dies. Javert arrives to take Valjean back into custody, but Valjean asks Javert for time to fetch Cosette. Javert refuses, insisting that a criminal like Valjean can never change or do good. They struggle, but Valjean overpowers Javert and escapes ( The Confrontation. In Montfermeil, the duplicitous innkeepers, the Thénardiers, use Cosette as a servant and treat her cruelly while extorting money from Fantine by claiming that Cosette is regularly and seriously ill, as well as demanding money to feed and clothe Cosette, all the while indulging their own daughter, Éponine. Cosette dreams of a life with a mother where she is not forced to work and is treated lovingly ( Castle on a Cloud. The Thénardiers cheat their customers, stealing their possessions and setting high prices for low-quality service, and live a life of criminal depravity ( Master of the House. Valjean meets Cosette while she's on an errand drawing water and offers the Thénardiers payment to adopt her ( The Bargain. The Thénardiers feign concern for Cosette, claiming that they love her like a daughter and that she is in fragile health, and bargain with Valjean, who pays them 1, 500 francs in the end. Valjean and Cosette leave for Paris ( The Waltz of Treachery. Nine years later, in 1832, Paris is in upheaval because of the impending death of General Lamarque, the only man in the government who shows mercy to the poor. Among those mingling in the streets are the student revolutionaries Marius Pontmercy and Enjolras, who contemplate the effect Lamarque's death will have on the poor and desperate in Paris; the Thénardiers, who have since lost their inn and now run a street gang which consists of thugs Brujon, Babet, Claquesous, and Montparnasse; the Thénardier's daughter Éponine, who is now grown and has fallen in love with Marius (who is oblivious to her affections) and the streetwise young urchin Gavroche, who knows everything that happens in the slums ( Look Down. The Thénardiers prepare to con some charitable visitors, who turn out to be Valjean and Cosette, who has grown into a beautiful young woman. While the gang bamboozles her father, Cosette runs into Marius, and the pair fall in love at first sight. Thénardier suddenly recognises Valjean, but before they can finish the robbery, Javert, now an inspector stationed in Paris, comes to the rescue ( The Robbery. Valjean and Cosette escape, and only later (when Thénardier tips him off) does Javert suspect who they were. Javert makes a vow to the stars – which represent his belief in a just and ordered universe where suffering is a punishment for sin – that he will find Valjean and recapture him ( Stars. Meanwhile, Marius persuades Éponine to help him find Cosette ( Éponine's Errand. At a small café, Enjolras exhorts a group of idealistic students to prepare for revolution. Marius interrupts the serious atmosphere by fantasising about his new-found love, much to the amusement of his compatriots, particularly the wine-loving Grantaire ( The ABC Café—Red and Black. When Gavroche brings the news of General Lamarque's death, the students realise that they can use the public's dismay to incite their revolution and that their time has come ( Do You Hear the People Sing. At Valjean's house, Cosette thinks about her chance meeting with Marius and later confronts Valjean about the secrets he keeps about his and her own past ( Rue Plumet—In My Life. Éponine leads Marius to Cosette's garden. He and Cosette meet again and confess their mutual love, while a heartbroken Éponine watches them through the garden gate and laments that Marius has fallen in love with another ( A Heart Full of Love. Thénardier and his gang arrive, intending to rob Valjean's house, but Éponine stops them by screaming a warning ( The Attack on Rue Plumet. The scream alerts Valjean, who believes that the intruder was Javert. He tells Cosette that it's time once again for them to go on the run, and starts planning for them to flee France altogether. On the eve of the 1832 Paris Uprising, Valjean prepares to go into exile; Cosette and Marius part in despair; Enjolras encourages all of Paris to join the revolution as he and the other students prepare for battle; Éponine acknowledges despairingly that Marius will never love her; Marius is conflicted whether to follow Cosette or join the uprising; Javert reveals his plans to spy on the students; and the Thénardiers scheme to profit off the coming violence. Marius decides to stand with his friends, and all anticipate what the dawn will bring ( One Day More. 6] Act II [ edit] As the students build a barricade to serve as their rally point, Javert, disguised as a rebel, volunteers to "spy" on the government troops. Marius discovers that Éponine has disguised herself as a boy to join the rebels and, wanting to keep her away from the impending violence, he sends her to deliver a farewell letter to Cosette. Building the Barricade—Upon These Stones" Valjean intercepts the letter and learns about Marius and Cosette's romance. Éponine walks the streets of Paris alone, imagining that Marius is there with her, but laments that her love for Marius will never be reciprocated ( On My Own. The French army arrives at the barricade and demands that the students surrender ( At the Barricade—Upon These Stones. Though Javert tells the students that the government will not attack that night ( Javert's Arrival. Gavroche recognises him and quickly exposes him as a spy, and the students detain Javert ( Little People. Their plan is to spark a general uprising with their act of defiance, hoping that all the people of Paris will side with them and overwhelm the army. Éponine returns to find Marius but is shot by the soldiers crossing the barricade. As Marius holds her, she assures him that she feels no pain and reveals her love for him before dying in his arms ( A Little Fall of Rain. The students mourn this first loss of life at the barricades and resolve to fight in her name, and they carry her body away while Enjolras attempts to comfort Marius, who is heartbroken over the death of his best friend. Valjean arrives at the barricade, crossing the government lines, disguised as a soldier ( Night of Anguish. hoping that he might somehow protect Marius in the coming battle for Cosette's sake. The rebels are suspicious of him at first, but when the army attacks, Valjean saves Enjolras by shooting at a sniper and scaring him off, and they accept him as one of them. In return, he asks Enjolras to be the one to execute the imprisoned Javert, which Enjolras grants. But as soon as Valjean and Javert are alone, Valjean frees Javert. Javert warns Valjean that he will not give up his pursuit and rejects what he perceives as a bargain for Valjean's freedom. Valjean says there are no conditions to his release, and holds no ill-will toward Javert for doing his duty ( The First Attack. The students settle down for the night and reminisce about the past while also expressing anxiety about the battle to come. Enjolras tells the other students to stay awake in case the enemy strikes unexpectedly in the night, but he tells Marius to get some sleep, knowing Marius is still much too devastated over losing Éponine to stay awake. Grantaire gets angry and asks the students if they fear to die as Marius wonders if Cosette will remember him if he dies ( Drink with Me. As Marius sleeps, Valjean prays to God to protect Marius, even if the cost for Marius' safety is his own life ( Bring Him Home. As dawn approaches, Enjolras realises that the people of Paris have not risen up with them, but resolves to fight on in spite of the impossible odds ( Dawn of Anguish. Their resolve is fired even further when the army kills Gavroche, who snuck out to collect ammunition from bodies on the other side of the barricade ( The Second Attack / Death of Gavroche. The army gives a final warning, but the rebels fight to the last man with Enjolras exhorting "Let others rise to take our place, until the Earth is free. Everyone at the barricade is killed except Valjean and a gravely wounded Marius, who escape into the sewers ( The Final Battle. Javert returns to the barricade, searching for Valjean amongst the bodies, and finds the open sewer grating. Valjean carries Marius through the sewers but collapses in exhaustion. While he is unconscious, Thénardier, who has been looting bodies ( Dog Eats Dog. comes upon them and takes a ring from the unconscious Marius, but flees when Valjean (whom he again recognises) regains consciousness. When Valjean carries Marius to the sewer's exit, he finds Javert waiting for him. Valjean begs Javert for one hour to bring Marius to a doctor, and Javert reluctantly agrees. Javert finds himself unable to reconcile Valjean's merciful acts with his conception of Valjean as an irredeemable criminal. Refusing to compromise his principles but no longer able to hold them sacred, he finds himself torn between his beliefs about God and his desire to adhere to the law and commits suicide by throwing himself into the Seine ( Soliloquy/Javert's Suicide. In the wake of the failed revolution, women mourn the deaths of the students ( Turning" and Marius, wounded but alive, despairs at the sacrifice of so many lives and at the death of his friends while he survives ( Empty Chairs at Empty Tables. As he wonders who saved his own life, Cosette comforts him, and they reaffirm their blossoming romance. Valjean realises that Cosette will not need him as a caretaker once she's married and gives them his blessing ( Every Day. Valjean confesses to Marius that he is an escaped convict and must go away because his presence endangers Cosette ( Valjean's Confession. making Marius promise never to tell Cosette. A few months later, Marius and Cosette marry ( Wedding Chorale. The Thénardiers crash the reception disguised as nobility and attempt to blackmail Marius, telling him that Valjean is a murderer and that Thénardier saw him carrying a corpse in the sewers after the barricades fell. When Thénardier shows him the ring as proof, Marius realises that it was Valjean who saved his life. The newlyweds leave to find Valjean (in some productions, Marius pauses to give Thénardier a punch in the face. The Thénardiers are not discouraged, instead gloating that their craven practicality has saved their lives time and time again ( Beggars at the Feast. At a convent, Valjean awaits his death, having nothing left to live for. The spirit of Fantine appears to him and tells him that he has been forgiven and will soon be with God. Cosette and Marius arrive to find Valjean near death. Valjean thanks God for letting him live long enough to see Cosette again, and Marius thanks him for saving his life ( Epilogue – Valjean's Death. Valjean gives Cosette a letter confessing his troubled past and the truth about her mother. As he dies, the spirits of Fantine and Éponine guide him to Heaven reminding him that "to love another person is to see the face of God. They are joined by the spirits of those who died at the barricades, who sing that in the next world, God lays low all tyranny and frees all oppressed people from their shackles ( Do You Hear The People Sing? Reprise. Musical numbers [ edit] Act I Song Performer(s) 1 "Prologue: Work Song" Chain Gang, Javert, Valjean 2 "Prologue: On Parole" Valjean, Farmer, Labourer, Innkeeper's Wife, Innkeeper, Bishop of Digne 3 "Prologue: Valjean Arrested, Valjean Forgiven" Constables, Bishop of Digne, Jean Valjean 4 "Prologue: What Have I Done? Valjean 5 "At the End of the Day" Fantine, Foreman, Factory Girl, Jean Valjean, Workers, Company 6 " I Dreamed a Dream " Fantine 7 "Lovely Ladies" Fantine, Sailors, Whores, Old Woman, Crone, Pimp, Ensemble 8 "Fantine's Arrest" Fantine, Bamatabois, Javert and Valjean 9 " The Runaway Cart" Valjean, Javert, Fauchevelant, Ensemble 10 "Who Am I. The Trial" 11 "Fantine's Death: Come to Me" Fantine and Valjean 12 "The Confrontation" Javert and Valjean 13 "Castle on a Cloud" Young Cosette 14 "Master of the House" Thénardier, Madame Thénardier, Ensemble 15 "The Well Scene" Valjean and Young Cosette 16 "The Bargain / The Thénardier Waltz of Treachery" Thénardier, Valjean, Madame Thénardier 17 "Look Down" Gavroche, Old Woman, Prostitute, Pimp, Enjolras, Marius, Company 18 "The Robbery" Thénardier, Madame Thénardier, Marius, Éponine, Valjean 19 "Javert's Intervention" Javert, Thénardier 20 "Stars" Javert 21 "Éponine's Errand" Éponine and Marius 22 "ABC Café / Red and Black" Enjolras, Marius, Grantaire, Combeferre, Feuilly, Courfeyrac, Joly, Legsles, Prouvaire, Gavroche 23 " Do You Hear the People Sing? Enjolras, Combeferre, Courfeyrac, Feuilly, Ensemble 24 "Rue Plumet – In My Life" Cosette, Valjean, Marius and Éponine 25 "A Heart Full of Love" Marius, Cosette and Éponine 26 "The Attack on the Rue Plumet" Thénardier, Brujon, Babet, Claquesous, Montparnasse, Éponine, Marius, Valjean and Cosette 27 " One Day More " Valjean, Marius, Cosette, Éponine, Enjolras, Javert, Thénardier, Madame Thénardier and Company Act II 28 "Building the Barricade (Upon These Stones) Enjolras, Javert, Prouvaire, Grantaire, Legsles, Marius, Éponine 29 " On My Own " Éponine 30 "At the Barricade (Upon These Stones) Enjolras, Marius, Grantaire, Combeferre, Courfeyrac, Feuilly, Students, and Army Officer 31 "Javert's Arrival" Javert and Enjolras 32 "Little People" Gavroche 33 "A Little Fall of Rain" Éponine's Death) 34 "Night of Anguish" Enjolras and Students 35 "The First Attack" Enjolras, Valjean, Javert, Students 36 "Drink with Me" Feuilly, Prouvaire, Joly, Grantaire, Marius, Company 37 "Bring Him Home" 38 "Dawn of Anguish" Enjolras 39 "The Second Attack (Death of Gavroche) Enjolras, Marius, Gavroche, Students 40 "The Final Battle" Army Officer, Enjolras, Company 41 "Dog Eats Dog (The Sewers) Thénardier 42 "Soliloquy (Javert's Suicide) 43 "Turning" Women of Paris 44 "Empty Chairs at Empty Tables" Marius 45 "Every Day" Cosette, Marius and Valjean 46 "Valjean's Confession" Marius and Valjean 47 "Wedding Chorale" Beggars at the Feast Marius, Cosette, Thénardier, Madame Thénardier, Company 48 "Valjean's Death" Valjean, Fantine, Cosette, Marius and Éponine 49 "Do You Hear The People Sing? Reprise. Finale] Full Company Instrumentation [ edit] The standard orchestration for the 2009 U. K. tour of Les Misérables consisted of: Bass Cello Horn 1 Horn 2 Keyboard 1 Keyboard 2 Percussion Reed 1 (Alto Flute, Alto Recorder, Flute, Piccolo) Reed 2 (Cor Anglais, Oboe) Reed 3 (B♭ Clarinet, Bass Clarinet, E♭ Clarinet, Tenor Recorder) Trombone/ Tuba Trumpet/ Flugelhorn Viola Violin [10] Characters [ edit] Characters in order of appearance Character [11] Voice [12] Description Jean Valjean dramatic tenor A♭2-B4(D5 optional) Prisoner 24601. After being released from imprisonment for serving nineteen years (five for stealing a loaf of bread and fourteen for multiple escape attempts) he breaks parole and, after receiving mercy from Bishop Myriel, turns his life around to live for God, showing the effects of God's grace that bring a corrupt man into virtuous and selfless living. He changes his identity, becoming the wealthy mayor of a small town. He later adopts Cosette, the only daughter of Fantine. At the end, he eventually dies and the spirit of Fantine thanks him for raising her child. baritone F2-F♯4 Respects the law above all else and relentlessly pursues Valjean, hoping to bring the escaped convict to justice. He firmly believes in the justice of the law, and has no room for mercy. In the end he commits suicide, broken by the mercy he experiences from Valjean. The Bishop of Digne baritone or bass A2-E4 Shelters Valjean after his release from jail and gives him gifts of silver and absolution. His acts of kindness move Valjean to surrender his ways to God, escaping the label of "criminal" and living in a new identity. The Factory Foreman D3-D4 Foreman of Valjean's (Valjean has assumed the name Madeleine) jet bead factory in Montreuil-sur-Mer which employs Fantine and other workers. The Foreman fires Fantine from the factory when she persists in resisting his overt sexual advances and because it is discovered that she is the mother of an illegitimate child (Cosette) living elsewhere. The Factory Girl soprano F4-E♭5 Mistress to the Factory Foreman. She intercepts a letter that the Thénardiers have sent to Fantine which exposes her as the mother of an illegitimate child, and the Factory Girl shows it to the Foreman, goading him into firing her. lyric mezzo-soprano D3-E♭5 An impoverished factory worker who loses her job and, as a result, turns to prostitution in order to continue paying the Thénardiers to care for her illegitimate daughter, Cosette. As Fantine dies of consumption, she asks Valjean to look after her child. Ultimately she appears as a spirit and escorts the dying Valjean to Heaven. Crone Also called "The Locket Crone" this character is the woman who talks Fantine into selling her precious locket for much less than it is worth. Old Woman contralto E4-D5 Affectionately called "The Hair Hag" in many of the original US companies, the Old Woman is the character who talks Fantine into selling her hair before Fantine becomes a prostitute. Bamatabois baritone or tenor An upper-class "fop" who tries to buy Fantine's services. He treats her abusively so she refuses him. When Javert enters the scene, Bamatabois tries to cover the fact that he was soliciting a prostitute by having her arrested for attacking him unprovoked. Fauchelevent In a role reduced from the novel, he appears only in the Cart Crash scene, where he is trapped under the cart and rescued by Valjean. He is an elderly man who has fallen upon hard times. Champmathieu silent A man who is arrested and on trial because he is believed to be Jean Valjean. Valjean, still under the name Madeleine, confesses his true identity at the trial in order to save the man. treble The eight-year-old daughter of Fantine. Cosette is in the care of the Thénardiers who are paid by Fantine to take care of her child. Unknown to Fantine, the Thénardiers force Cosette to work, and they use Fantine's money for their own needs. Madame Thénardier G♯3-D5 Thénardier's unscrupulous wife, who abuses Cosette but dotes on her own daughter, Éponine. She is fully complicit in most of her husband's crimes and schemes. Young Éponine The pampered daughter of the Thénardiers. She grows up with Cosette and is unkind to her. comic baritone G♯2-G4 A second-rate thief, Thénardier runs a small inn where he continually bilks his customers. He and his family later travel to Paris, where he sets up as the leader of a gang of street thugs and con men. An eternal survivor, Thénardier is above nothing and below everything. boy soprano A2-G4 (OR A3-G5) A streetwise urchin who knows everyone and everything that happens in the slums of Paris. He joins up with the revolutionaries, and later dies on the barricade attempting to recover ammunition from fallen soldiers. A2-G4(Bb4 optional) The leader of the student revolutionaries and a friend of Marius. He is Idealistic, although his plan is doomed to failure. A2-G4 (or B♭2-A♭4) A student revolutionary, is friends with Éponine, but falls in love with Cosette, and she with him. He is later rescued from the barricades by Valjean, who ultimately gives Marius and Cosette his blessing, allowing them to be married. mezzo-soprano F3-E5 Daughter of the Thénardiers, Éponine, now a ragged street waif and a thief like her father, secretly loves Marius. Although it causes her great anguish, she helps him locate Cosette and later delivers a message he sends her from the barricade. She is killed while returning to the barricades to see Marius. In the end she appears as a spirit alongside Fantine and they guide the dying Valjean to Heaven. Brujon A brutish and cowardly, but dissatisfied, member of Thénardier's Gang. Brujon's role in the musical expands to cover Gueulemer. Babet A foreboding member of Thénardier's Gang. Claquesous A member of Thénardier's Gang Quiet and masked, expert at evading the police, Claquesous might in fact be working for the law. Montparnasse A young member of Thénardier's Gang, Montparnasse is a handsome man who appears to be close to Éponine. He is usually portrayed as well-dressed, as he is in the book. Cosette B♭3-C6 Cosette, the daughter of Fantine, has grown up to become a beautiful young woman of culture and privilege under Valjean's adoptive and loving fatherly care and protection. She falls in love with Marius, and he returns her equally strong and pure romantic feelings. She marries him at the end of the musical. Friends of the ABC baritones and tenors A2-G4 Student revolutionaries who lead a revolution and die in the process, the Friends of the ABC become martyrs for the rights of citizens. (See Members listed below) Combeferre Combeferre is the philosopher of the ABC group. Enjolras' second-in-command. He is described as the guide of the Friends of the ABC. Feuilly A2-A4 Feuilly is the only member of the Friends of the ABC who is not a student; he is a workingman. An optimist who stands as a sort of ambassador for the "outside" while the rest of the men stand for France. He loves Poland very much. Courfeyrac tenor Friendly and open, Courfeyrac introduces Marius to the ABC society in the novel. He always has many mistresses, and is described as the centre of the Friends of the ABC, always giving off warmth. Joly A medical student and a hypochondriac; best friends with Lesgles. Grantaire Grantaire is a member of the Friends of the ABC. Though he admires Enjolras, Grantaire often opposes Enjolras' fierce determination and occasionally acts as a voice of reason. In many performances, Grantaire is very close to Gavroche and attempts to act as his protector. Grantaire is a drunkard and is often tipsy throughout the musical, carrying a bottle of wine wherever he goes. He has no interest in the revolution, and is there because his friends are. He asks of them before the final battle whether they believe their deaths will accomplish anything. Jean Prouvaire Prouvaire, a poet, is the youngest student member of the Friends. Jean Prouvaire has the honor of waving the giant red flag during "One Day More" at the end of Act One. Lesgles Best friends with Joly. A very unlucky man, but also a very happy one. Army Officer/Loud Hailer C4-G4 A voice from offstage, he demands the surrender of the student revolutionaries before the army attacks, telling them that the people of Paris have not answered their call for help. Casts [ edit] Original casts [ edit] Character Original Album Concept French cast 1980 Original French cast 1980 Original West End cast 1985 Original Broadway cast 1987 Original U. S. tour cast 1987 1st Broadway revival cast 2006 2nd Broadway revival cast 2014 Maurice Barrier Colm Wilkinson William Solo Alexander Gemignani Ramin Karimloo Jacques Mercier Jean Vallée Roger Allam Terrence Mann Herndon Lackey Norm Lewis Will Swenson Yvan Dautin Alun Armstrong Leo Burmester Tom Robbins Gary Beach Cliff Saunders Marie-France Roussel Susan Jane Tanner Jennifer Butt Victoria Clark Jenny Galloway Keala Settle Rose Laurens Patti LuPone Randy Graff Diane Fratantoni Daphne Rubin-Vega Caissie Levy Fabienne Guyon Rebecca Caine Judy Kuhn Tamara Jenkins Ali Ewoldt Samantha Hill Richard Dewitte Gilles Buhlmann Michael Ball David Bryant Hugh Panaro Adam Jacobs Andy Mientus Michel Sardou Christian Ratellin David Burt Michael Maguire John Herrera Aaron Lazar Kyle Scatliffe Marie-France Dufour Marianne Mille Frances Ruffelle Renee Veneziale Celia Keenan-Bolger Nikki M. James Fabrice Bernard Florence Davis Cyrille Dupont Fabrice Ploquin Ian Tucker Oliver Spencer Liza Hayden Braden Danner RD Robb Lantz Landry Andrew Renshaw Brian D'Addario Jacob Levine Austyn Myers Joshua Colley Gaten Matarazzo Concert casts [ edit] 10th anniversary concert cast 1995 25th anniversary concert cast 2010 The all-star staged concert cast 2019 Alfie Boe ( John Owen-Jones at certain performances) Philip Quast Matt Lucas Katy Secombe Ruthie Henshall Lea Salonga Carrie Hope Fletcher Katie Hall Lily Kerhoas Nick Jonas Rob Houchen Samantha Barks Shan Ako Bradley Jaden Adam Searles Robert Madge Charlie Hagen, Che Grant, Logan Clark, Theo Collis, Kayleb Rene-Gray Anthony Crivello Hadley Fraser Raymond Walsh Jérôme Pardon Killian Donnelly Barnaby Hughes, Niall Sheehy Paul Monaghan Earl Carpenter Simon Bowman, Earl Carpenter Gareth Snook Cameron Blakely Productions [ edit] Sit-down productions [ edit] Original French production [ edit] The Palais des Sports, now Dôme de Paris, in Paris where the musical was first performed. Alain Boublil's initial idea to adapt Victor Hugo's novel into a musical came while at a performance of the musical Oliver! in London: As soon as the Artful Dodger came onstage, Gavroche came to mind. It was like a blow to the solar plexus. I started seeing all the characters of Victor Hugo's Les Misérables —Valjean, Javert, Gavroche, Cosette, Marius, and Éponine—in my mind's eye, laughing, crying, and singing onstage. [13] He shared the idea with French composer Claude-Michel Schönberg, and the two developed a rough synopsis and analysis of each character's mental and emotional state, as well as that of an audience. Schönberg then began work on the music, while Boublil the text. According to Boublil, I could begin work on the words. This I did—after myself deciding on the subject and title of every song—in collaboration with my friend, poet Jean-Marc Natel. 14] Two years later, a two-hour demo tape of Schönberg accompanying himself on the piano and singing every role was completed. An album of this collaboration was recorded at CTS Studios in Wembley and was released in 1980, selling 260, 000 copies. citation needed] The concept album includes Maurice Barrier as Jean Valjean, Jacques Mercier as Javert, Rose Laurens as Fantine, Yvan Dautin as Thénardier, Marie-France Roussel as Mme. Thénardier, Richard Dewitte as Marius, Fabienne Guyon as Cosette, Marie-France Dufour as Éponine, Michel Sardou as Enjolras, Fabrice Bernard as Gavroche, Maryse Cédolin as Young Cosette, Claude-Michel Schönberg as Courfeyrac, Salvatore Adamo as Combeferre, Michel Delpech as Feuilly, Dominique Tirmont as M. Gillenormand, and Mireille as the hair buyer. That year, in September 1980, a stage version directed by veteran French film director Robert Hossein was produced at the Palais des Sports in Paris. The show was a success, with 100 performances seen by over 500, 000 people. [15] 16] 17] Most of the cast from the concept album performed in the production. [15] 18] The cast included Maurice Barrier as Valjean, Jean Vallée as Javert, Rose Laurens as Fantine, Maryse Cédolin and Sylvie Camacho and Priscilla Patron as Young Cosette, Marie-France Roussel as Mme. Thénardier, Yvan Dautin as M. Thénardier, Florence Davis and Fabrice Ploquin and Cyrille Dupont as Gavroche, Marianne Mille as Éponine, Gilles Buhlmann as Marius, Christian Ratellin as Enjolras, Fabienne Guyon as Cosette, René-Louis Baron as Combeferre, Dominique Tirmont as M. Gillenormand, Anne Forrez as Mlle. Gillenormand, and Claude Reva as the storyteller. [15] 18] 19] 20] Original London production [ edit] The English-language version, with lyrics by Herbert Kretzmer and additional material by James Fenton, was substantially expanded and reworked from a literal translation by Siobhan Bracke of the original Paris version, in particular adding a prologue to tell Jean Valjean's background story. Kretzmer's lyrics are not a direct translation of the French, a term that Kretzmer refused to use. A third of the English lyrics were a rough translation, another third were adapted from the French lyrics and the final third consisted of new material. The majority is performed in recitative style; the vocalists use natural speech, not musical metrics. [21] The first production in English, produced by Cameron Mackintosh and adapted and directed by Trevor Nunn and John Caird, played to preview performances beginning on 28 September 1985 and formally opened on 8 October 1985 at the Barbican Centre, London. It was billed in the programme as "The Royal Shakespeare Company presentation of the RSC/Cameron Mackintosh production. The set was designed by John Napier, costumes by Andreane Neofitou and lighting by David Hersey. Musical supervision and orchestrations were by John Cameron, who had been involved with the show since Boublil and Schönberg hired him to orchestrate the original French concept album. Musical staging was by Kate Flatt with musical direction by Martin Koch. The original London cast included Colm Wilkinson as Jean Valjean, Roger Allam as Javert, Ken Caswell as the Bishop of Digne, Patti LuPone as Fantine, Zoë Hart, Justine McIntyre, Jayne O'Mahony and Joanne Woodcock as Young Cosette, Danielle Akers, Gillian Brander and Juliette Caton as Young Éponine, Susan Jane Tanner as Madame Thénardier, Alun Armstrong as Thénardier, Frances Ruffelle as Éponine, Rebecca Caine as Cosette, Michael Ball as Marius, David Burt as Enjolras, with Ian Tucker, Oliver Spencer and Liza Hayden sharing the role of Gavroche. [22] 23] On 4 December 1985, the show transferred to the Palace Theatre, London and moved again on 3 April 2004, to the smaller Queens Theatre, now called the Sondheim Theatre, with some revisions of staging. [24] The show celebrated its ten-thousandth performance on 5 January 2010 [25] and its 30th anniversary in October 2015. [26] The co-production has generated valuable income for the Royal Shakespeare Company. [27] The original show closed at the Queen's Theatre on 13 July 2019 to allow for theatre refurbishments, after which a staged concert was performed at the adjacent Gielgud Theatre for a four-month run before it returned to the Sondheim Theatre. [28] 29] The newly updated London production developed in 2009 for the 25th anniversary touring production opened at the newly renamed Sondheim Theatre on 18 December 2019 in previews with opening night set for 16 January 2020. [30] The new production is co-directed by James Powell and Laurence Connor with set and image design by Matt Kinley, lighting by Paule Constable, sound by Mick Potter and costumes by Andreane Neofitou and Christine Rowlands. The first cast for this new version included Jon Robyns (Valjean) Bradley Jaden (Javert) Carrie Hope Fletcher (Fantine) Shan Ako (Éponine) Lily Kerhoas (Cosette) Harry Apps (Marius) Gerard Carey (Thénardier) Josefina Gabrielle (Madame Thénardier) and Ashley Gilmour (Enjolras. 31] Original Broadway production [ edit] The musical opened as a pre-Broadway tryout at the Kennedy Center 's Opera House in Washington, D. C. on 27 December 1986. It ran for eight weeks through 14 February 1987. [32] The musical then premiered on Broadway on 12 March 1987 at The Broadway Theatre. Colm Wilkinson and Frances Ruffelle reprised their roles from the London production. [33] The 4. 5 million production had a more than 4 million advance sale prior to its New York opening. [34] The show underwent further tightening, namely with improved sewer lighting and the incorporation of the Javert suicide scene effect. [35] A New York Times report consisted of the following: The transfer from London to the United States has prompted further modifications. 'We are taking this opportunity to rethink and perfect, to rewrite some details which probably no one else will see, but which for us are still long nights of work. Mr. Boublil says. 'There are things that nobody had time to do in London, and here we have a wonderful opportunity to fix a few things. No one will notice, perhaps, but for us, it will make us so happy if we can better this show. We would like this to be the final version. 34] Two songs were deleted—the complete version of Gavroche's song "Little People" and the adult Cosette's "I Saw Him Once. A short section at the beginning of "In My Life" replaced "I Saw Him Once. The lyrics in Javert's "Stars" were changed. It now ended with the line, This I swear by the stars. while the London production and cast recording ended with the repeated line, Keeping watch in the night. The original Broadway cast included Colm Wilkinson as Jean Valjean, David Bryant as Marius, Judy Kuhn as Cosette, Michael Maguire as Enjolras, Frances Ruffelle as Éponine, Braden Danner as Gavroche, Donna Vivino as Young Cosette, Jennifer Butt as Madame Thénardier, Leo Burmester as Thénardier, Randy Graff as Fantine, Terrence Mann as Javert, and Chrissie McDonald as Young Éponine. [33] Other members of the original Broadway cast included Kevin Marcum (Brujon) Paul Harman (Combeferre/Foreman) Anthony Crivello (Grantaire/Bambatosis) John Dewar (Joly) Joseph Kolinski (Feuilly) Alex Santoriello (Montparnasse/Labourer) Jesse Corti (Courfeyrac/Farmer) Susan Goodman (Old Woman/Innkeeper's Wife) John Norman (Prouvaire/Pimp) Norman Large (Bishop/Lesgles) Marcus Lovett (Babet/Constable) Steve Shocket (Claquesous/Fauchevelant/Constable/Pimp) Cindy Benson (Old Woman) Marcie Shaw, Jane Bodle, Joanna Glushak, Ann Crumb (Factory Girl) Kelli James, and Gretchen Kingsley-Weihe. Michael Hinton was the original drummer and credited on the cast album. [33] The musical ran at the Broadway Theatre through 10 October 1990, when it moved to the Imperial Theatre. [33] It was scheduled to close on 15 March 2003, but the closing was postponed by a surge in public interest. [36] According to an article in The Scotsman, Sales picked up last October, when Sir Cameron made the announcement that the show would be closing on March 15th. its closure postponed to May 18th because of an unexpected increase in business. 37] After 6, 680 performances in sixteen years, 37] when it closed on 18 May 2003, 33] it was the second- longest-running Broadway musical after Cats. [38] It was surpassed by The Phantom of the Opera in 2006. [39] This Broadway production of Les Misérables and its advertising in New York City is a recurring theme in American Psycho. The reviewer for the Financial Times wrote that Les Misérables is "the book's hilarious main cultural compass-point. 40] 2006 Broadway revival [ edit] Only three years after the original run closed, Les Misérables began a return to Broadway on 9 November 2006 at the Broadhurst Theatre for a limited run that was subsequently made open-ended. Using the set, costumes, performers, and other resources from the recently finished third US national touring production, the production was only slightly altered. Minor changes included colourful projections blended into its existing lighting design, and a proscenium that extended out into the first two boxes on either side of the stage. Some cuts made to the show's prologue during its original Broadway run were restored, lyrics for Gavroche's death scene (known in the revival as "Ten Little Bullets" cut during the development of the original London production were restored, and much of the show was re-orchestrated by Christopher Jahnke, introducing a snare and timpani-heavy sound played by a 14-member band, a reduction of about 8 musicians from the original production's 22 musician orchestration. citation needed] The original 2006 Broadway revival cast included Alexander Gemignani as Jean Valjean, Norm Lewis as Javert, Daphne Rubin-Vega as Fantine, Celia Keenan-Bolger as Éponine, Aaron Lazar as Enjolras, Adam Jacobs as Marius, Ali Ewoldt as Cosette, Gary Beach as Thénardier, Jenny Galloway as Madame Thénardier, Brian DAddario, Jacob Levine, Skye Rainforth and Austyn Myers as Gavroche, and Tess Adams, Kylie Liya Goldstein and Carly Rose Sonenclar as Young Cosette/Young Éponine. The ensemble consisted of Becca Ayers, Daniel Bogart (Combeferre/Bambatosis) Justin Bohon (Joly/Major Domo) Kate Chapman, Nikki Renee Daniels, Karen Elliott (Old Woman/Innkeeper's Wife) Blake Ginther (Feuilly) J. D. Goldblatt (Montparnasse/Pimp/Labourer) Marya Grandy(Crone) Victor Hawks (Brujon) Robert Hunt (Courfeyrac/Foreman) Nehal Joshi (Lesgles/Constable) Jeff Kready (Babet/Constable/Fauchevelant) Doug Kreeger (Jean Prouvaire/Farmer) James Chip Leanord (Bishop/Claquesous) Megan McGinnis, Drew Sarich (Grantaire/Innkeeper) Haviland Stillwell (Factory Girl) and Idara Victor. [41] Lea Salonga, who previously played the role of Éponine in the 10th Anniversary concert, replaced Rubin-Vega as Fantine beginning on 2 March 2007. Zach Rand replaced Jacob Levine as Gavroche on 15 March 2007. Ann Harada replaced Jenny Galloway as Mme. Thénardier on 24 April 2007. Ben Davis joined playing Javert, and Max von Essen playing Enjolras. Ben Crawford and Mandy Bruno joined the cast that day too, playing Brujon and Éponine respectively. On 23 July 2007, Sarich took over the role of Valjean, following Gemignani's departure. On 5 September 2007, it was announced that John Owen-Jones (who was playing Valjean in London) was to join the Broadway cast. In return, Sarich would join the London cast in Owen-Jones' place. Judy Kuhn, who originated the role of Cosette, returned to the show after twenty years as Fantine, succeeding Salonga. The revival closed on 6 January 2008 after 17 previews and 463 performances. [42] 2013 Toronto revival [ edit] A sit down production played at the Princess of Wales Theatre in Toronto, Canada based on the 25th Anniversary touring production. [43] Previews began on 27 September 2013 with the opening night on 9 October. The production closed on 2 February 2014. [44] 45] 46] 47] Co-directed by Lawrence Connor and James Powell, 48] Laurence Olivier Award nominee Ramin Karimloo starred as Jean Valjean; Colm Wilkinson, who originated the role, portrayed the Bishop of Digne in a one-day performance symbolic handing of the torch to Karimloo. [49] 50] He was joined by fellow West End star, Earl Carpenter, who reprised the role of Inspector Javert. [51] Other cast members included Genevieve Leclerc as Fantine, Samantha Hill as Cosette, Melissa O'Neil as Éponine, Perry Sherman as Marius, Cliff Saunders as Monsieur Thénardier, Lisa Horner as Madame Thénardier, and Mark Uhre as Enjolras. [52] The roles of young Cosette and young Éponine were shared by Ella Ballentine, Saara Chaudry and Madison Oldroyd. Gavroche was shared by David Gregory Black and Aiden GlennRead. [53] 2014 Broadway revival [ edit] The show returned to Broadway in March 2014 at the Imperial Theatre with previews beginning 1 March 2014 and had an official opening on 23 March 2014. [54] 55] The creative team included the direction of Laurence Connor and James Powell, set design by Matt Kinley, costumes by Andreane Neofitou and Christine Rowlands, lighting by Paule Constable, sound by Mick Potter and projections by Fifty-Nine Productions. Cameron Mackintosh once again produced the show. On 22 October 2013, it was announced that Ramin Karimloo, Will Swenson, Caissie Levy, and Nikki M. James would be headlining the revival cast as Jean Valjean, Javert, Fantine, and Éponine respectively. [56] Andy Mientus and Samantha Hill also starred as Marius and Cosette respectively. [57] 58] Angeli Negron and McKayla Twiggs share the role of Young Cosette. [59] On 30 August 2015, Karimloo ended his run of the show as was replaced by Alfie Boe. After Boe's final performance on 28 February, the role of Valjean was played by John Owen-Jones beginning 1 March 2016 until the production closed on 4 September 2016, after 1, 026 performances over two-and-a-half years. [60] The revival recouped its entire initial investment and grossed 109 million. [61] The 2014 Broadway revival was nominated for 3 Tony Awards: Best Revival of a Musical, Best Leading Actor in a Musical for Karimloo, and Best Sound Design for Potter. Touring productions [ edit] US national tours [ edit] The show had three national touring companies of the original Broadway production in the US, all of which shared the Broadway producer and manager, creative teams, as well nearly identical sets, costumes, and lighting. While the touring production and the New York production were running simultaneously, the staff, cast members, crew, and musicians of the two productions interchanged often, which contributed to keeping both companies of the show in form. When the New York production closed in 2003, the Third National Tour continued for another three years, and enjoyed the influx of many members from the original and subsequent New York companies. The First National Tour opened at Boston's Shubert Theatre on 12 December 1987, and continued to play major cities until late 1991. The Second National Tour (called "The Fantine Company" opened at Los Angeles' Shubert Theatre on 1 June 1988. The production played for fourteen months then transferred to San Francisco's Curran Theatre where it enjoyed a similar run. The Third National Tour of Les Misérables (called "The Marius Company" was one of the longest running American touring musical productions. Opening on 28 November 1988, at the Tampa Bay Performing Arts Center in Florida, and closing on 23 July 2006, at the Fox Theatre in St. Louis, Missouri, 62] the tour ran for seventeen years and 7, 061 performances. The tour played in 145 cities in 43 states. The same touring company also frequently performed in Canada, made a 1994 diversion to Singapore, and another diversion in 2002 to be the first Western musical production to visit China, opening in Shanghai's Grand Theatre for a three-week engagement. All US productions (including Broadway and its revival) were visually identical in scale and design but the third national tour was notable for its portability without sacrificing the Broadway-caliber experience. Thanks to innovative touring techniques borrowed from the pop/rock concert industry, the 4. 5 million dollar production was adaptable to smaller and larger venues and traveled complete in all of 8 semi tractor trailers. It was set up and ready to go in less than 24 hours and broken down and packed up in about 16 hours. This allowed it to reach many cities and venues in its acclaimed, original Broadway form. A new national tour began on 21 September 2017 at the Providence Performing Arts Centre (PPAC. It starred Nick Cartell as Valjean, Josh Davis as Javert, Melissa Mitchell as Fantine, J. Anthony Crane as Thénardier, Allison Guinn as Madame Thénardier, Joshua Grosso as Marius, Phoenix Best as Éponine, Matt Shingledecker as Enjolras and Jillian Butler as Cosette. The roles of young Cosette and Éponine were shared by Zoe Glick and Sophie Knapp, while the role of Gavroche was shared by Jordan Cole and Julian Lerner. It uses much of the staging and technical work of the 2014 Broadway revival. [63] UK and Ireland tours [ edit] 1992-1993 Tour [ edit] The first tour of the UK and Ireland opened at the Palace Theatre, Manchester 14 April 1992 [64] with Jeff Leyton (Jean Valjean) Philip Quast (Javert, later replaced by Michael McCarthy) 65] Ria Jones (Fantine) Meredith Braun (Éponine) Mike Sterling (Marius, later replaced by Richard Burman. 65] Tony Timberlake (Thénardier) Louise Plowright (Mdme Thénardier) Sarah Ryan (Cosette) and Daniel Coll (Enjolras. 66] 67] The production then moved on to the Point Theatre, Dublin, Ireland, opening 30 June 1993, 68] and then to Playhouse, Edinburgh, Scotland, opening 23 September 1993. [69] 1997-2000 Tour [ edit] In 1997 a second tour began at the Theatre Royal, Plymouth, running from 6 May until 14 June, 70] the cast featured: Stig Rossen (Jean Valjean) Michael McCarthy (Javert) Julia Worsley (Fantine) Gemma Sandy (Éponine) Norman Bowman (Marius) Cameron Blakely (Thénardier) Cathy Breeze (Mdme Thénardier) Rebecca Vere (Cosette) and Mark O'Malley (Enjolras. 71] The tour then continued as detailed in the table below: Venue Date Cast details Birmingham Hippodrome 19 June 1997 to 4 October 1997 [72] The cast remained unchanged from the Plymouth run of the show [73] Opera House, Manchester 9 October 1997 to 20 December 1997 [74] Peter Corry replaced Michael McCarthy as Javert [75] Bristol Hippodrome 29 December 1997 to 28 March 1998 [76] Mayflower Theatre, Southampton 1 April 1998 to 6 June 1998 [77] Alhambra Theatre, Bradford 25 June 1998 to 5 September 1998 [78] John Owen-Jones (Jean Valjean) left the cast two weeks before the end of the show's run at the Alhambra [79] Edinburgh Playhouse 16 September 1998 to 12 December 1998 [80] Jeff Leyton (Jean Valjean) Peter Corry (Javert) Carmen Cusack (Fantine) and Alex Sharpe (Éponine) 81] Liverpool Empire Theatre 16 December 1998 to 20 February 1999 [82] Point Theatre, Dublin 25 February 1999 to 29 May 1999 [83] Colm Wilkinson (Jean Valjean) Michael McCarthy (Javert) Carmen Cusack (Fantine) Alex Sharpe (Éponine) Matt Rawle (Marius) John Kavanagh (Thénardier) Anita Reeves (Mdme Thénardier) Poppy Tierney (Cosette) and David Bardsley (Enjolras) 84] Sheffield Arena 21 May 1999 to 19 June 1999 [85] Alexandra Theatre, Birmingham 2 July 1999 to 9 October 1999 [86] Telewask Arena, Newcastle 15 October 1999 to 13 November 1999 [87] Jeff Leyton (Jean Valjean) Martin Fisher (Javert) Ria Jones (Fantine) Alex Sharpe (Éponine) Adrian Lewis-Morgan (Marius) Jimmy Johnson (Thénardier) Cathy Breeze (Madame Thénardier) Amanda Leigh-Smith (Cosette) and Loren Greeting (Enjolras) 88] 17 November 1999 to 29 January 2000 [89] Palace Theatre, Manchester 2 February 2000 to 25 March 2000 [90] 2018-2020 Tour [ edit] A new UK and Ireland tour (similar to the 25th Anniversary production) began at Curve, Leicester from 3 to 24 November 2018, before touring to the Bord Gáis Energy Theatre, Dublin (5 December to 12 January 2019) Edinburgh Festival Theatre (22 January to 16 February 2019) Palace Theatre, Manchester (19 February to 30 March 2019) Birmingham Hippodrome (2 April to 11 May 2019) Milton Keynes Theatre (14 May to 8 June 2019) Theatre Royal, Plymouth (11 June to 6 July 2019) The Alhambra Theatre, Bradford (9 July to 10 August 2019) Newcastle Theatre Royal (15 August to 5 October 2019) Liverpool Empire (9 to 26 October 2019) Mayflower Theatre, Southampton (29 October to 23 November 2019) and Wales Millenium Centre (26 November 2019 to 4 January 2020. The tour then leaves the UK to play a special engagement in Zürich, Switzerland (21 January to 23 February 2020) before visiting Norwich Theatre Royal (4 March to 4 April 2020) Bristol Hippodrome (7 April to 9 May 2020) The Lowry, Salford (12 to 30 May 2020) Glasgow Theatre Royal (3 to 27 June 2020) Birmingham Hippodrome (30 June to 18 July 2020) Leeds Grand Theatre (23 July to 15 August 2020) Bord Gáis Energy Theatre, Dublin (25 August to 13 September 2020) Marlowe Theatre, Canterbury (25 September to 24 October 2020) and finally Hull New Theatre (28 October to 21 November 2020. The cast featured Killian Donnelly (Jean Valjean) Nic Greenshields (Javert) Katie Hall (Fantine) Tegan Bannister (Éponine) Bronwen Hanson (Cosette) Harry Apps (Marius) Martin Ball (Thénardier) Sophie-Louise Dann (Madame Thénardier) and Will Richardson (Enjolras. 91] The cast for the tour's second year featured Dean Chisnall (Jean Valjean) Nic Greenshields (Javert) Katie Hall (Fantine) Frances Mayli McCann (Éponine) Charlie Burn (Cosette) Felix Mosse (Marius) Ian Hughes (Thénardier) Helen Walsh (Madame Thénardier) and Barnaby Hughes (Enjolras. 92] 93] 25th Anniversary Tour [ edit] A tour to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the show began performances on 12 December 2009, at the Wales Millennium Centre in Cardiff. Differences from the original production included a new set, new costumes, new direction and alterations to the original orchestrations. The tour also did not use a revolving stage and the scenery was inspired by the paintings of Victor Hugo. Locations have included Manchester, Norwich, Birmingham, and Edinburgh. The tour also played a special engagement in Paris. From September through October, the show returned to the Barbican Centre, London, site of the original 1985 production. The tour cast featured John Owen-Jones as Valjean, Earl Carpenter as Javert, Gareth Gates as Marius, Ashley Artus as Thénardier, Lynne Wilmot as Madame Thénardier, Madalena Alberto as Fantine, Rosalind James as Éponine, Jon Robyns as Enjolras, Katie Hall as Cosette (with Samara Clarke as Young Cosette) and David Lawrence as the Bishop of Digne. The tour ended 2 October 2010, at the Barbican. [94] 95] 96] In the fall of 2010, the tour moved to the US with a new company presented by Broadway Across America to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the show opening on Broadway. The tour had its opening on 19 November 2010 at the Paper Mill Playhouse in Millburn, New Jersey, running until 19 December 2010. This tour originally starred Lawrence Clayton as Valjean, Andrew Varela as Javert, Betsy Morgan as Fantine, Jenny Latimer as Cosette, Justin Scott Brown as Marius, Chasten Harmon as Éponine, Michael Kostroff as Thénardier, Shawna Hamic as Madame Thénardier, Jeremy Hays as Enjolras, Josh Caggiano and Ethan Paul Khusidman as Gavroche, Maya Jade Frank and Juliana Simone alternating as Young Cosette and Young Éponine. J. Mark McVey's daughter, Kylie McVey was the understudy for Young Cosette and Young Éponine. Clayton left the tour in April 2011. Ron Sharpe later took over as Valjean until June 2011. Mark McVey was then Valjean (McVey previously played the role on Broadway) but McVey and his daughter left the tour on 1 April 2012. Peter Lockyer replaces him as Valjean. Betsy Morgan left the tour on 2 December 2012. She was replaced by Genevieve Leclerc. The tour ran until 11 August 2013, closing at the Smith Center for the Performing Arts in Las Vegas. The tour's final cast included Peter Lockyer as Valjean, Andrew Varela as Javert, Genevieve Leclerc as Fantine, Lauren Wiley as Cosette, Devin Ilaw as Marius, Briana Carlson-Goodman as Éponine, Timothy Gulan as Thénardier, Shawna Hamic as Madame Thénardier, Jason Forbach as Enjolras, Ava Della Pietra and Erin Cearlock alternating as Little Cosette and Young Eponine, with Mia Sinclair Jenness as Little Girl, 97] 98] In 2011 it was reported that the tour is one of six US national Broadway tours that are grossing over 1, 000, 000 per week. [99] This production of the musical is to replace the original version in the West End in December 2019. 2014 Australian tour [ edit] In mid 2013, a brand new Australian tour was announced, with Simon Gleeson as Valjean, Hayden Tee as Javert, Patrice Tipoki as Fantine, Trevor Ashley and Lara Mulcahy as the Thénardiers, Kerrie Anne Greenland as Éponine, Emily Langridge as Cosette, Euan Doidge as Marius and Chris Durling as Enjolras and Nicholas Cradock as Gavroche. [100] The production premiered on 4 July at Her Majesty's Theatre, Melbourne. [101] Additional stops for the Australian tour included the Crown Theatre in Perth, 102] the Capitol Theatre in Sydney, 103] and the Lyric Theatre QPAC in Brisbane. [104] The Australian revival production transferred to Manila, Philippines in March 2016, becoming an international tour. [105] 2016 International tour [ edit] On 16 September 2015, it was announced that the Australian tour would launch its international tour in Manila, Philippines at the Theatre at Solaire from March 2016 until 1 May 2016, and proceeded to the Esplanade Theatre in Singapore from May 2016. [105] 106] It then had its GCC premiere at the Dubai Opera in Dubai, United Arab Emirates from November 2016. [107] The Manila and Singapore productions featured Simon Gleeson as Valjean, Earl Carpenter as Javert, Helen Walsh as Madame Thénardier, Cameron Blakely as Thénardier, Kerrie Anne Greenland as Éponine, Emily Langridge as Cosette, Chris Durling as Enjolras, and Paul Wilkins as Marius. [108] Rachelle Ann Go played the role of Fantine in the Manila production, and Patrice Tipoki returned the role in the Singapore production after her stint in the original London production. The Dubai production features John Owen-Jones as Valjean, Hayden Tee as Javert, Patrice Tipoki as Fantine, Peter Polycarpou as Thénardier, Jodie Prenger as Madame Thénardier, Carrie Hope Fletcher as Éponine, Alistair Brammer as Enjolras, Emily Langridge as Cosette, and Paul Wilkins as Marius. [109] Concert productions [ edit] 10th Anniversary Concert [ edit] On 8 October 1995, the show celebrated the tenth anniversary of the West End production with a concert at the Royal Albert Hall. This 10th Anniversary Concert was nearly "complete" missing only a handful of scenes, including "The Death of Gavroche. The Robbery" and the confrontation between Marius and the Thénardiers at the wedding feast. Sir Cameron Mackintosh hand-selected the cast, which became known as the Les Misérables Dream Cast, assembled from around the world, and engaged the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. The concert concluded with seventeen Valjeans from various international productions singing, Do You Hear the People Sing. in their native languages. The concert cast included Colm Wilkinson as Jean Valjean, Philip Quast as Javert, Paul Monaghan as the Bishop of Digne, Ruthie Henshall as Fantine, Hannah Chick as Young Cosette, Jenny Galloway as Madame Thénardier, Alun Armstrong as Thénardier, Adam Searles as Gavroche, Michael Maguire as Enjolras, Michael Ball as Marius, Judy Kuhn as Cosette, Lea Salonga as Éponine, and Anthony Crivello as Grantaire. The concert was staged by Ken Caswell and conducted by David Charles Abell. 25th Anniversary Concert [ edit] The 25th Anniversary Concert of the West End production was held at The O2 in North Greenwich, South East London, United Kingdom, on Sunday, 3 October 2010 at 1:30 pm and 7:00 pm. It featured Alfie Boe as Jean Valjean, Norm Lewis as Javert, Lea Salonga as Fantine, Nick Jonas as Marius, Katie Hall as Cosette (in place of Camilla Kerslake, who was unable to attend) Jenny Galloway as Madame Thénardier, Ramin Karimloo as Enjolras, Samantha Barks as Éponine, Matt Lucas as Thénardier, Mia Jenkins as Young Cosette, Robert Madge as Gavroche and Earl Carpenter as the Bishop of Digne. Casts of the current London, international tour, original 1985 London, and several school productions took part, comprising an ensemble of three hundred performers and musicians. The concert was directed by Laurence Connor & James Powell and conducted by David Charles Abell. The All-Star Staged Concert [ edit] From 10 August to 2 December 2019, the musical was performed as a staged concert version at the Gielgud Theatre in the West End during the refurbishment of the adjacent Sondheim Theatre (where the original London production had been running and will be home to the new production from December 2019. Featuring a cast and orchestra of over 65, the 16-week concert run starred Michael Ball as Javert, Alfie Boe as Jean Valjean, Carrie Hope Fletcher as Fantine and Matt Lucas as Thénardier. Katy Secombe also starred as Madame Thénardier and John Owen-Jones played Jean Valjean for some performances during the run. Furthers leads included Rob Houchen (Marius) Bradley Jaden (Enjolras) Shan Ako (Eponine) and Lily Kerhoas (Cosette. Earl Carpenter also played the dual role of Bishop/Bamatabois, while understudying Javert. The final concert was filmed and broadcast live to cinemas on 2 December, with a home video, album release and tour planned. [110] Other concert performances [ edit] The musical has also been performed in concert at Cardiff Castle and several venues in southern England, produced by Earl Carpenter Concerts. A concert version starring Jeff Leyton was also performed at the Odyssey Arena, Belfast. In 1989, a one-night concert performance was performed at SkyDome, Toronto, and the largest concert production attracted an audience of approximately 125, 000 as part of the Australia Day celebrations in Sydney's Domain Park. The Scandinavian concert tour, produced by Cameron Mackintosh in association with Noble Art, starred Danish musical icon Stig Rossen in the leading role and commemorated author Victor Hugo's 200th birthday. Venues on the tour included the Stockholm Globe Arena, Oslo Spektrum, the Helsinki Hartwell Areena, and the Gothenburg Scandinavium, with audiences totalling over 150, 000 for the complete tour. In November 2004, to celebrate the centennial of the Entente Cordiale, the Queen invited the cast of Les Misérables in the West End to perform for French President Jacques Chirac at Windsor Castle. It was the first time the cast of a West End musical had performed at a Royal residence. The cast was the same as in the West End, supplemented by several guest singers and a choir of former performers. The part of Jean Valjean was played by Michael Ball – the original 1985 London and 1995 Dream Cast Marius – and the part of Javert was played by Michael McCarthy. In February 2008, Les Misérables was performed at the Bournemouth International Centre, England with a cast of West End stars accompanied by the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra. In August 2008, a concert version, directed by Richard Jay-Alexander, was performed at the Hollywood Bowl. The cast included veteran Les Misérables star J. Mark McVey as Valjean, The Office star Melora Hardin as Fantine, Broadway star and Bowl veteran Brian Stokes Mitchell as Javert, Spring Awakening and Glee star Lea Michele as Éponine, Tony-winning Jersey Boys star John Lloyd Young as Marius, West End star Tom Lowe as Enjolras, Michael McCormick as Thénardier, Ruth Williamson as Madame Thénardier, Michele Maika as Cosette, Maddie Levy as Young Cosette, and Sage Ryan as Gavroche. In September 2008, it was performed at the St John Loveridge Hall in Guernsey with a cast of West End performers—the first time that it had been professionally performed on the Island where Victor Hugo wrote the novel. Former London Valjean Phil Cavill reprised his role alongside Les Misérables veteran Michael McCarthy as Javert. In March 2009, the Guernsey production was remounted at Fort Regent in Jersey; and in July 2009, the musical was performed in concert at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. International productions [ edit] The show has been produced in forty-two countries and translated into twenty-one languages: English, French (original and re-translated) German (Austria and Germany) Spanish (five versions: two from Spain, two from Mexico, and one from Argentina) Japanese, Hebrew, Hungarian, Icelandic, Norwegian (Bokmål and Nynorsk) Polish, Swedish (in Sweden and in Finland) Dutch (Netherlands and Belgium) Danish, Finnish, Brazilian Portuguese, Estonian, Czech, Mauritian Creole, Basque, Catalan and Korean. Including singles and promos, there have been over seventy official recordings from worldwide productions. [111] The first full West End / Broadway production in Europe (mainland) was set up in Oslo, Norway at Det Norske Teatret and opened on 17 March 1988. [112] The production was in Norwegian and starred Norwegian singer/actor Øystein Wiik as Jean Valjean, Paul Åge Johannessen as Javert, Øivind Blunck as Thénardier, Kari Gjærum as Fantine, Amund Enger as Enjolras and Guri Schanke as Éponine. The first Oslo production was hugely successful and some 10% of Norway's entire population saw the show in the first 6 months. Øystein Wiik went on to also star as Jean Valjean in the productions in Vienna and London in 1989–1990. The stage show, which had changed so significantly since its Parisian conception as a stadium concert in 1980, was only translated back into the language of Victor Hugo for its French world première in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in 1991. This production had a cast that presented five shows a week in French and three a week in English. Regional productions [ edit] In September 2008, a mini-tour produced by Atlanta's Theater of the Stars played Eisenhower Hall at the United States Military Academy, 113. failed verification] in West Point, New York; the Filene Center at the Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts in Vienna, Virginia; Kansas City Starlight Theatre; and the Fox Theater in Atlanta. The show featured a new set of original pictures painted by Victor Hugo himself. Robert Evan played Valjean, returning to the role he played in the mid-nineties on Broadway. Also featured were Nikki Rene Daniels as Fantine and Robert Hunt as Javert, both reprising their roles from the Broadway revival. Fred Hanson directed the production. The creative team included Matt Kinley as Scenic Designer, Ken Billington as Lighting Designer, Peter Fitzgerald and Erich Bechtel as Sound Designers, Zachary Borovay as Projection Designer, and Dan Riddle as Musical Director and Conductor. [114] In 2008, the Signature Theatre in Arlington, Virginia staged a small venue "black box" version of the play. Signature received Mackintosh's special permission for the production: One of the great pleasures of being involved with the creation of Les Misérables is seeing this marvelous musical being done in a completely different and original way. Having seen many shows brilliantly reimagined at Signature I have no doubt that Eric and his team will come up with a revolutionary new take on Les Miz unlike anything anyone has seen before. Viva la différence. 115] The production officially opened on 14 December 2008 (after previews from 2 December) and ran through 22 February 2009 (extended from 25 January 2009. 116] 117] A 2014 production at the Dallas Theater Center modernized the staging in a way rarely attempted in productions of this play, set visually in the modern-day United States rather than 1830s France. The concept was thought to be refreshing as a change from typical production styles and effective as a commentary on modern inequality. Though, much controversy surrounded their unauthorized depart from the authors' libretto and score. [118] 119] In Panama, Les Misérables was staged in 2014 in Spanish at the famed National Theatre of Panama for a short, sold-out run, directed by Aaron Zebede. [120] School edition [ edit] The school edition cuts a considerable amount of material from the original show. It is divided into thirty scenes and, although no critical scenes or songs have been removed, it runs 25–30 minutes shorter than the official version making the total running time about 2   1 2 hours. [121] A few subtle changes of vocal pitch have been made: What Have I Done. Valjean's Soliloquy, Stars" by Javert, A Little Fall of Rain" by Éponine and Marius, Turning" and "Castle on a Cloud" lose a verse each. During "Fantine's Arrest" Bamatabois loses two verses. The song "Fantine's Death/Confrontation" is edited, and the counterpoint duel between Javert and Valjean is lost, as well as a verse by Fantine. "Dog Eats Dog" by Thénardier is heavily truncated. "Beggars at the Feast" is shortened, with Thénardier losing a verse, and the song before it, Wedding Chorale" is excluded entirely although the rest of the wedding remains in place. Also, the drinker's introduction to "Master of the House" is cut completely. [122] Film adaptation [ edit] Although numerous films of the Les Misérables story have been made, no film adaptation of the stage musical was produced for many years. A film adaptation was in development at several times since the late 1980s. Alan Parker was reported to be connected to an adaptation at an early stage. [123] In 1992 Mackintosh announced planning for a film to be directed by Bruce Beresford and co-produced by TriStar Pictures, 124] but the project was later abandoned. [125] The 2010 DVD/Blu-ray release of Les Misérables: 25th Anniversary Concert included an announcement of revised plans for a film adaptation [126] which was later confirmed by Mackintosh. Tom Hooper signed on in March 2011 to direct the Mackintosh-produced film from a screenplay by William Nicholson. [127] In June 2011, Working Title Films and Mackintosh announced that the film would begin principal photography in early 2012 for a tentative December release date. The film was given its general US release on Christmas Day 2012. [128] Principal cast members include Hugh Jackman as Jean Valjean, Russell Crowe as Javert, 129] Anne Hathaway as Fantine, 130] Amanda Seyfried as Cosette, 131] Eddie Redmayne as Marius, 132] Samantha Barks as Éponine, 133] Aaron Tveit as Enjolras, and Sacha Baron Cohen and Helena Bonham Carter as the Thénardiers. [134] 135] Other notable actors who played roles in the film include Bertie Carvel as Bamatabois, Colm Wilkinson as the Bishop of Digne, Hadley Fraser as the army general and Frances Ruffelle as a prostitute. [136] Cast recordings [ edit] English [ edit] The following recordings of Les Misérables are available in English: the Original London Cast, the Original Broadway Cast, the Complete Symphonic Recording, the 10th Anniversary London Concert, The 25th Anniversary UK Tour Cast and The 25th Anniversary London Concert. Original London Cast recording [ edit] The Original London Cast recording was the first English language album of the musical. Recorded in 1985, when the show premiered, it is closest to the original French concept album. For example, Stars" appears before "Look Down" and shortly after, the original version of "Little People" plays, which was later incorporated into the revealing of Javert. It also features a song titled "I Saw Him Once" sung by Cosette, which was later incorporated into the first part of "In My Life. The album has sold 887, 000 copies in the US. [137] The cast includes Colm Wilkinson as Valjean, Roger Allam as Javert, Patti LuPone as Fantine, Alun Armstrong as Thénardier, Susan Jane Tanner as Mme. Thénardier, Frances Ruffelle as Éponine, Ian Tucker as Gavroche, Michael Ball as Marius, David Burt as Enjolras, Rebecca Caine as Cosette and Zoë Hart as Young Cosette. [138] Original Broadway Cast recording [ edit] The Original Broadway Cast recording was produced in 1987. It included several changes to the songs that are still evident in today's performances. As with its predecessor, it is incomplete, and leaves out songs or parts that are more important narratively than musically (e. g. Fantine's Arrest. The Runaway Cart. The Final Battle. The album has sold 1, 596, 000 copies in the US. [137] The cast includes Colm Wilkinson as Valjean, Terrence Mann as Javert, Randy Graff as Fantine, Leo Burmester as Thénardier, Jennifer Butt as Madame Thénardier, Frances Ruffelle as Éponine, Braden Danner as Gavroche, David Bryant as Marius, Judy Kuhn as Cosette, Michael Maguire as Enjolras, and Donna Vivino as Young Cosette. [139] 140. citation needed] Complete Symphonic Recording [ edit] Recorded in 1988 and released in 1989, the Complete Symphonic Recording features the entire score. (The Czech Revival Recording is the only other album, in any language, to feature the entire score; on the other hand, the four 2003 Japanese recordings feature the entire score after the cuts first made on Broadway at the end of 2000. Cameron Mackintosh's original plan was to use the Australian cast, 141] but the scope was expanded to create an international cast featuring performers from the major performances of the musical. The cast was recorded in three different places. [142] The album, produced by David Caddick and conducted by Martin Koch, won the Best Musical Cast Show Album Grammy Award in 1990. [143] The cast includes Gary Morris as Valjean, Philip Quast as Javert, Debra Byrne as Fantine, Gay Soper as Mme. Thénardier, Barry James as Thénardier, Kaho Shimada as Éponine, Ross McCall as Gavroche, Michael Ball as Marius, Anthony Warlow as Enjolras, Tracy Shayne as Cosette and Marissa Dunlop as Young Cosette. [144] The 10th Anniversary recording was of a concert version of Les Misérables, performed at the Royal Albert Hall in October 1995, featuring full orchestra and choir. All parts were sung live, giving the performance a different mood from other recording. The score was recorded consecutively without pauses or multiple recordings. The concert's encores are also included. As with the original recordings, however, they differed from the stage versions by excluding some songs (e. g., those vital to plot such as "Fantine's Arrest" and "The Runaway Cart" were kept, while unnecessary or complex songs, such as "At the Barricade" were left out. The cast includes Colm Wilkinson as Valjean, Philip Quast as Javert, Ruthie Henshall as Fantine, Alun Armstrong as Thénardier, Jenny Galloway as Mme. Thénardier, Lea Salonga as Éponine, Adam Searles as Gavroche, Hannah Chick as Young Cosette, Michael Ball as Marius, Michael Maguire as Enjolras, Judy Kuhn as Cosette and Anthony Crivello as Grantaire. Manchester Highlights [ edit] A five-track album featuring members of the UK national tour was released in 1992 and includes "I Dreamed a Dream" Ria Jones. Stars" Philip Quast. On My Own" Meredith Braun. Bring Him Home" Jeff Leyton) and "Empty Chairs at Empty Tables" Mike Sterling. 67] The version of "Stars" is the same as that on the Complete Symphonic Recording. 25th Anniversary UK Tour Cast [ edit] Recorded live at the Palace Theatre in Manchester, this recording was released to commemorate 25 years of Les Misérables in English. This recording featured new arrangements and reinspired orchestrations, and included John Owen-Jones as Valjean, Earl Carpenter as Javert, Madalena Alberto as Fantine, Ashley Artus as M. Thénardier, Lynne Wilmot as Mme. Thénardier, Gareth Gates as Marius, Katie Hall as Cosette, Samara Clarke as Young Cosette, Jon Robyns as Enjolras, and Rosalind James as Éponine. The 25th Anniversary Concert was recorded live at The O2 Arena on 3 October 2010 and is available on DVD in the UK while the Blu-ray was released worldwide. It was shown in select US theaters via NCM Fathom Events. The release for the DVD and Blu-ray in the United States was 22 February 2011 to promote the film adaptation. A CD single of the 'Valjean Quartet' singing "Bring Him Home" was also recorded and released, with proceeds going to the charity "Tickets For Troops. The cast included Alfie Boe as Jean Valjean, Norm Lewis as Javert, Nick Jonas as Marius, Samantha Barks as Éponine, Katie Hall as Cosette, Ramin Karimloo as Enjolras, Hadley Fraser as Grantaire, Lea Salonga as Fantine, Matt Lucas as Monsieur Thénardier and Jenny Galloway as Madame Thénardier. Other languages [ edit] There are also various non-English language cast albums of the musical. citation needed] 1980 Original French concept album 1987 Original Israeli cast 1988 Original Hungarian cast 1988 Original Vienna cast 1990 Original Swedish cast 1991 Original Dutch cast 1991 Paris revival cast 1992 Original Danish cast 1992 Original Czech cast 1993 Original Spanish cast 1994 Japanese "blue" cast 1994 Japanese "red" cast 1996 Original Duisburg cast 1996 Swedish Värmland cast 1998 Original Antwerp cast 2003 Japanese "orange" cast 2003 Japanese "green" cast 2003 Japanese "light blue" cast 2003 Japanese "violet" cast 2003 Czech revival cast 2008 Dutch revival cast 2008 Le Capitole de Québec cast 2010 Polish revival cast 2010 Spanish 25th anniversary production cast 2011 Czech cast 2017 French concert cast Awards and nominations [ edit] Original West End production [ edit] Year Award Category Nominee Result 1985 Laurence Olivier Award Best New Musical Nominated Best Actor in a Musical Best Actress in a Musical Won 2012 Laurence Olivier Award [145] Audience Award for Most Popular Show 2014 Laurence Olivier Award [146] 1987 Tony Award Best Musical Best Book of a Musical Alain Boublil and Claude-Michel Schönberg Best Original Score Claude-Michel Schönberg (music) and Herbert Kretzmer & Alain Boublil (lyrics) Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Musical Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical Best Direction of a Musical Trevor Nunn and John Caird Best Scenic Design John Napier Best Costume Design Andreane Neofitou Best Lighting Design David Hersey Drama Desk Award Outstanding Musical Outstanding Actor in a Musical Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical Outstanding Orchestrations John Cameron Outstanding Music Claude-Michel Schönberg Outstanding Set Design Dora Award [147] 148] Outstanding Production Outstanding Male Performance Mark Uhre Aiden Glenn Outstanding Female Performance Melissa O'Neil Outstanding Direction Laurence Connor and James Powell Outstanding Scenic Design Matt Kinley Outstanding Costume Design Andreane Neofitou and Christine Rowland Outstanding Lighting Design Paule Constable Outstanding Choreography James Dodgson Outstanding Ensemble Entire ensemble Best Revival of a Musical Best Sound Design of a Musical Mick Potter Outstanding Revival of a Musical 2014 Australian revival [ edit] Green Room Awards Production Actor in a Leading Role Simon Gleeson Hayden Tee Direction James Powell and Laurence Connor Musical Direction Geoffrey Castles Design (Lighting) Design (Sound) Design (Set and Costume) Matt Kinley (Set and Image Design) 2015 Helpmann Awards [149] 150] Best Male Actor in a Musical Best Male Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical Trevor Ashley Chris Durling Best Female Actor in a Musical Patrice Tipoki Best Female Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical Kerrie Anne Greenland Best Choreography in a Musical Michael Ashcroft and Geoffrey Garratt Best Sound Design See also [ edit] Lists of musicals References [ edit] Behr, Edward (1993. 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Retrieved 4 November 2012. ^ OLIVIERS 2014: The Full List Of Winners And Nominees. 13 April 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014. ^ Alan Henry (2 June 2014. Ramin Karimloo Receives Toronto Dora Award Nomination; LES MISERABLES Earns a Total of 11 Nominations. Broadway World. ^ Dora Awards 2014: A List Of All The Winners! broadwayworld, retrieved 18 July 2014. ^ Cuthberson, Debbie; Rugendyke, Louise (22 June 2015. Helpmann Awards 2015 nominations: Opera Australia dominates as Les Miserables leads charge for musicals. Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 29 June 2015. ^ 2015 Nominees. Helpmann Awards. Retrieved 29 June 2015. Les Miserables Reviews Box Office Theatre Ltd. Retrieved 12 July 2016 External links [ edit] Official website Les Misérables at the Internet Broadway Database An Archive of Performers from the Original Broadway Run of Les Misérables An Archive of Performers from the London Run of Les Misérables Awards for Les Misérables v t e Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Musical The Wiz (1975) A Chorus Line (1976) Annie (1977) Ain't Misbehavin' 1978) Sweeney Todd (1979) Evita (1980) The Pirates of Penzance (1981) Nine (1982) Little Shop of Horrors (1983) Sunday in the Park with George (1984) no award) 1985) The Mystery of Edwin Drood (1986) Les Miserables (1987) Into the Woods (1988) Jerome Robbins' Broadway (1989) City of Angels (1990) The Secret Garden (1991) Crazy for You (1992) Kiss of the Spider Woman (1993) Passion (1994) Show Boat (1995) Rent (1996) The Life (1997) Ragtime (1998) Parade (1999) Contact (2000) The Producers (2001) Thoroughly Modern Millie (2002) Hairspray (2003) Wicked (2004) Spamalot (2005) The Drowsy Chaperone (2006) Spring Awakening (2007) Passing Strange (2008) Billy Elliot the Musical (2009) Memphis (2010) The Book of Mormon (2011) Once (2012) Matilda the Musical (2013) A Gentleman's Guide to Love and Murder (2014) Hamilton (2015) Shuffle Along (2016) Come from Away (2017) SpongeBob SquarePants (2018) The Prom (2019) v t e Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album 1959–1979 The Music Man (1959) Gypsy / Redhead (1960) The Sound of Music (1961) How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying (1962) No Strings (1963) She Loves Me (1964) Funny Girl (1965) On a Clear Day You Can See Forever (1966) Mame (1967) Cabaret (1968) Hair (1969) Promises, Promises (1970) Company (1971) Godspell (1972) Don't Bother Me, I Can't Cope (1973) A Little Night Music (1974) Raisin (1975) The Wiz (1976) Bubbling Brown Sugar (1977) Annie (1978) Ain't Misbehavin' 1979) 1980–2000 Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1980) Evita: Premier American Recording (1981) Lena Horne: The Lady and Her Music (1982) Dreamgirls: Original Broadway Cast Album (1983) Cats: Complete Original Broadway Cast Recording (1984) Sunday in the Park with George (1985) West Side Story (1986) Follies in Concert (1987) Les Misérables (1988) Into the Woods (1989) Jerome Robbins' Broadway (1990) Les Misérables: The Complete Symphonic Recording (1991) The Will Rogers Follies (1992) Guys and Dolls (1993) The Who's Tommy (1994) Passion (1995) Smokey Joe's Cafe: The Songs Of Leiber And Stoller (1996) Riverdance (1997) Chicago: The Musical (1998) The Lion King (1999) Annie Get Your Gun (2000) 2001–present Elton John and Tim Rice's Aida (2001) The Producers (2002) Gypsy: A Musical Fable (2004) Wicked (2005) Monty Python's Spamalot (2006) Jersey Boys (2007) Spring Awakening (2008) In the Heights (2009) West Side Story (2010) American Idiot (featuring Green Day) 2011) The Book of Mormon (2012) Once: A New Musical (2013) Kinky Boots (2014) Beautiful: The Carole King Musical (2015) Hamilton (2016) The Color Purple (2017) Dear Evan Hansen (2018) The Band's Visit (2019) Hadestown (2020) v t e Helpmann Award for Best Musical The Boy from Oz (2001) Mamma Mia! 2002) Cabaret (2003) The Lion King (2004) The Producers (2005) The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee (2006) Keating! 2007) Billy Elliot the Musical (2008) Wicked (2009) Jersey Boys (2010) Mary Poppins (2011) A Chorus Line (2012) Legally Blonde (2013) The King and I (2014) Les Misérables (2015) Matilda the Musical (2016) The Book of Mormon (2017) Beautiful: The Carole King Musical (2018) Barbara and the Camp Dogs (2019) v t e Laurence Olivier Audience Award for Most Popular Show The Phantom of the Opera (2002) Wicked (2010) We Will Rock You (2011) Les Misérables (2012) Billy Elliot the Musical (2013) Les Misérables (2014) Wicked (2015) The Phantom of the Opera (2016) v t e Tony Award for Best Musical 1949–1975 Kiss Me, Kate (1949) South Pacific (1950) Guys and Dolls (1951) The King and I (1952) Wonderful Town (1953) Kismet (1954) The Pajama Game (1955) Damn Yankees (1956) My Fair Lady (1957) The Music Man (1958) Redhead (1959) The Sound of Music / Fiorello! 1960) Bye Bye Birdie (1961) A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (1963) Hello, Dolly! 1964) Fiddler on the Roof (1965) Man of La Mancha (1966) Cabaret (1967) Hallelujah, Baby! 1968) 1776 (1969) Applause (1970) Two Gentlemen of Verona (1972) A Little Night Music (1973) Raisin (1974) 1976–2000 Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1979) 42nd Street (1981) Cats (1983) La Cage aux Folles (1984) Big River (1985) Drood (1986) Les Misérables (1987) The Phantom of the Opera (1988) The Will Rogers Follies (1991) Sunset Boulevard (1995) Titanic (1997) The Lion King (1998) Fosse (1999) Avenue Q (2004) Monty Python's Spamalot (2005) Jersey Boys (2006) In the Heights (2008) Kinky Boots (2013) Fun Home (2015) Dear Evan Hansen (2017) The Band's Visit (2018) Hadestown (2019) v t e Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical 1950–1975 South Pacific by Oscar Hammerstein II and Joshua Logan (1950) Hello, Dolly! by Michael Stewart (1964) Fiddler on the Roof by Joseph Stein (1965) Company by George Furth (1971) Two Gentlemen of Verona by John Guare and Mel Shapiro (1972) A Little Night Music by Hugh Wheeler (1973) Candide by Hugh Wheeler (1974) Shenandoah by James Lee Barrett, Peter Udell and Philip Rose (1975) A Chorus Line by James Kirkwood Jr. and Nicholas Dante (1976) Annie by Thomas Meehan (1977) On the Twentieth Century by Betty Comden and Adolph Green (1978) Sweeney Todd by Hugh Wheeler (1979) Evita by Tim Rice (1980) Woman of the Year by Peter Stone (1981) Dreamgirls by Tom Eyen (1982) Cats by T. Eliot (1983) La Cage aux Folles by Harvey Fierstein (1984) Big River by William Hauptman (1985) Drood by Rupert Holmes (1986) Les Misérables by Alain Boublil and Claude-Michel Schönberg (1987) Into the Woods by James Lapine (1988) No Award (1989) City of Angels by Larry Gelbart (1990) The Secret Garden by Marsha Norman (1991) Falsettos by William Finn and James Lapine (1992) Kiss of the Spider Woman by Terrence McNally (1993) Passion by James Lapine (1994) Sunset Boulevard by Don Black and Christopher Hampton (1995) Rent by Jonathan Larson (1996) Titanic by Peter Stone (1997) Ragtime by Terrence McNally (1998) Parade by Alfred Uhry (1999) James Joyce's The Dead by Richard Nelson (2000) The Producers by Mel Brooks and Thomas Meehan (2001) Urinetown by Greg Kotis (2002) Hairspray by Thomas Meehan and Mark O'Donnell (2003) Avenue Q by Jeff Whitty (2004) The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee by Rachel Sheinkin (2005) The Drowsy Chaperone by Bob Martin and Don McKellar (2006) Spring Awakening by Steven Sater (2007) Passing Strange by Stew (2008) Billy Elliot the Musical by Lee Hall (2009) Memphis by Joe DiPietro (2010) The Book of Mormon by Trey Parker, Robert Lopez and Matt Stone (2011) Once by Enda Walsh (2012) Matilda the Musical by Dennis Kelly (2013) A Gentleman's Guide to Love and Murder by Robert L. Freedman (2014) Fun Home by Lisa Kron (2015) Hamilton by Lin-Manuel Miranda (2016) Dear Evan Hansen by Steven Levenson (2017) The Band's Visit by Itamar Moses (2018) Tootsie by Robert Horn (2019) v t e Tony Award for Best Original Score 1947–1975 Street Scene by Kurt Weill (1947) Kiss Me, Kate by Cole Porter (1949) South Pacific by Richard Rodgers (1950) Call Me Madam by Irving Berlin (1951) No Strings by Richard Rodgers (1962) Oliver! by Lionel Bart (1963) Hello, Dolly! by Jerry Herman (1964) Fiddler on the Roof by Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick (1965) Man of La Mancha by Mitch Leigh and Joe Darion (1966) Cabaret by John Kander and Fred Ebb (1967) Hallelujah, Baby! by Jule Styne, Betty Comden, and Adolph Green (1968) Company by Stephen Sondheim (1971) Follies by Stephen Sondheim (1972) A Little Night Music by Stephen Sondheim (1973) Gigi by Frederick Loewe and Alan Jay Lerner (1974) The Wiz by Charlie Smalls (1975) A Chorus Line by Marvin Hamlisch and Edward Kleban (1976) Annie by Charles Strouse and Martin Charnin (1977) On the Twentieth Century by Cy Coleman, Betty Comden, and Adolph Green (1978) Sweeney Todd by Stephen Sondheim (1979) Evita by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice (1980) Woman of the Year by John Kander and Fred Ebb (1981) Nine by Maury Yeston (1982) Cats by Andrew Lloyd Webber and T. Eliot (1983) La Cage aux Folles by Jerry Herman (1984) Big River by Roger Miller (1985) Les Misérables by Claude-Michel Schönberg, Herbert Kretzmer, and Alain Boublil (1987) Into the Woods by Stephen Sondheim (1988) City of Angels by Cy Coleman and David Zippel (1990) The Will Rogers Follies by Cy Coleman, Betty Comden, and Adolph Green (1991) Falsettos by William Finn (1992) Kiss of the Spider Woman by John Kander and Fred Ebb / The Who's Tommy by Pete Townshend (1993) Passion by Stephen Sondheim (1994) Sunset Boulevard by Andrew Lloyd Webber, Don Black, and Christopher Hampton (1995) Titanic by Maury Yeston (1997) Ragtime by Stephen Flaherty and Lynn Ahrens (1998) Parade by Jason Robert Brown (1999) Aida by Elton John and Tim Rice (2000) The Producers by Mel Brooks (2001) Urinetown by Mark Hollmann and Greg Kotis (2002) Hairspray by Marc Shaiman and Scott Wittman (2003) Avenue Q by Robert Lopez and Jeff Marx (2004) The Light in the Piazza by Adam Guettel (2005) The Drowsy Chaperone by Lisa Lambert and Greg Morrison (2006) Spring Awakening by Duncan Sheik and Steven Sater (2007) In the Heights by Lin-Manuel Miranda (2008) Next to Normal by Tom Kitt and Brian Yorkey (2009) Memphis by David Bryan and Joe DiPietro (2010) Newsies by Alan Menken and Jack Feldman (2012) Kinky Boots by Cyndi Lauper (2013) The Bridges of Madison County by Jason Robert Brown (2014) Fun Home by Jeanine Tesori and Lisa Kron (2015) Dear Evan Hansen by Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (2017) The Band's Visit by David Yazbek (2018) Hadestown by Anaïs Mitchell (2019.

Free online les misérables: the staged concert 2017. Les Miserables: The Staged Concert - video dailymotion. About all the ads. Youtube recognizes the songs on the video and has put a bunch of ads on it for copyright reasons. There is a way for me to remove all the ads, but that would mean muting the whole video, which would just be dumb. So if the ads bother you, there are ways to get around them. Wow. I don't think Carrie has ever heard better. Free online les misérables: the staged concert live. Free Online Les MisÃrables: The Staged concert à paris. Film Les Misérables – The Staged Concert Arrives in US This Sunday Cameron Mackintoshs spectacular sell-out staged concert version of Boublil & Schönbergs legendary musical  Les Misérables – The Staged Concert  arrives in US cinemas this Sunday, December 8 & Wednesday, December 11  from the Gielgud Theatre in London. Seen by over 120 million people worldwide,  Les Misérables  is undisputedly one of the worlds most popular musicals – and now  Les Misérables – The Staged Concert  is the must-see event for all fans of musical theatre and event cinema. Tickets available here. Leading an outstanding cast and orchestra of over 65 are Michael Ball (Javert) Alfie Boe (Jean Valjean) Carrie Hope Fletcher (Fantine) and Matt Lucas   (Thénardier) who perform the songs  I Dreamed A Dream, Bring Him Home, One Day More,  On My Own  and many more.  This incredibly rare, sensational cinematic event is not to be missed. Les Misérables – The Staged Concert   will be shown in Canadian cinemas on Thursday, December 12.  Tickets for Canadian screenings are available now at. Cameron Mackintosh said: “The extraordinary sell-out success and response to our spectacular new theatrical concert staging of Les Misérables has been phenomenal so we are thrilled to give cinema audiences around North America the opportunity to experience this stunning production. Starring our entirely brilliant London cast headed by Michael Ball, Alfie Boe, Carrie Hope Fletcher and Matt Lucas, our 16 week limited season at the Gielgud sold out in a few days but now you can storm the barricades to ensure you catch this thrilling performance direct from the West End in a cinema near you. For the masses of disappointed fans who couldnt get to see this amazing concert in London the cinema event will be a unique shared experience of thrilling drama, glorious music and sensational singing performed by an amazing all-star cast and orchestra of over 65 – the like of which you will have never seen before.  If you have ever Dreamed a Dream – this is it! ” Cameron Mackintosh presents Boublil & Schönbergs legendary musical  Les Misérables – The Staged Concert. Based on the novel by Victor Hugo Music by Claude-Michel Schönberg Lyrics by Herbert Kretzmer Original French Text by Alain Boublil and Jean-Marc Natel. Film December 4, 2019 Suzanna Bowling Suzanna, co-owns and publishes the newspaper Times Square Chronicles or T2C. At one point a working actress, she has performed in numerous productions in film, TV, cabaret and theatre. She has performed at The New Orleans Jazz festival, The United Nations and Carnegie Hall. Currently she has a screenplay in the works, which she developed with her mentor and friend the late Arthur Herzog. She was the Broadway Informer on the all access cable TV Show “The New Yorkers, ” soon to be “The Tourist Channel. ” email: More in Film.

Free online les mis c3 a9rables 3a the staged concert pdf. 6:21 What the hell. I really enjoyed seeing Les Miserables The Staged Concert at the Gielgud Theatre in London on Saturday 5th October 2019 in the matinee afternoon performance and it was brilliant and I saw it with Alfie Boe, Michael Ball and Matt Lucas and they were amazing.

Described as "a re-imagined version of the show that everybody knows and loves" by baritone Josh Davis who plays Inspector Javert, Les Misérables will once again be arriving in Houston in a few weeks, but this time there's no turntable. Instead, a very flexible set will be employed to move from one staging ground to another in the fast-paced story of love, hatred, betrayal, bravery and above all redemption, he says. And the back wall projections will now be of impressionistic art in the style of author Victor Hugo, who wrote the original book, and who as it turns out was also a painter. Unaltered is the music by Claude-Michel Schönberg and lyrics by Herbert Kretzmer including “I Dreamed A Dream, ” “On My Own, ” “Stars. “Bring Him Home, ” “One Day More, ” “Do You Hear the People Sing” that over the years has been a propelling force to get audiences to see the show over and over again. Brought here by the newly renamed Mischer Neurosciences Broadway at the Hobby Center, Les Misérables is the story of Jean Valjean, in prison for stealing a loaf of bread, who is released after 19 years but breaks his parole. He finds shelter with a bishop, but then steals his silverware. Apprehended by police he is freed when the minister tells authorities he gave Valjean the silver. Valjean then promises to become an honest man, although he begins this new life by masking his identity. Valjean's reinvention works and he becomes the prosperous owner of a factory. Eventually he crosses paths with Fantine, a worker at his plant who is fired when it is discovered she has an illegitimate child and then becomes a prostitute. While he cannot save Fantine, who dies of illness, he does become the protector of her orphaned daughter Cosette. All this occurs amidst the stirrings of the 1832 Paris Uprising. And all the while, Inspector Javert relentlessly pursues him. Davis says he auditioned five times for the role in the Broadway tour, the last time before producer Cameron Mackintosh himself. Since August of 2017, Davis says he has traveled to 30 cities while performing the role, one that has been special to him for a long time. Growing up in Maryland, Davis says he was not great at team sports but was a good skier. But there was no ski team at his school so he got involved in drama after taking a class. He was in high school when he got to see a touring production of Les Miz. "I vividly remember sitting in the seat watching this guy singing "Stars. I thought 'Man, what a great song. And that would be so much fun to play. Also, since I was a baritone I kind of gravitated toward it. My goal wasnt to be on Broadway. I just wanted to be in Les Miz once and play that role. When he went to University of Delaware he got a degree in marketing. He worked for an ad agency and then a production company but realized he loved acting and singing and quit his job in 2002. In 2004 he moved to New York and did what all beginning actors do, worked side jobs (he got a real estate license) while auditioning for parts. He was about to quit acting in 2012 — he'd had a serious injury to his shoulder — but he thought "I just want to play Javert and then I'll retire and do something else. I had my agent look for something and we found it in Pioneer Theatre in Salt Lake City He got to play Javert in that and another regional production of Les Misérables in 2013 and, in fact, that year he booked his first Broadway show in Beautiful - The Carole King Musical as an original company member. From there, other opportunities fell into place. Les Miz has staying power because besides the wonderful music, it has heart, Davis says. "What I find most when I talk to audience members is that the story itself, the story of redemption, the story of a man who had done some wrong things and made some mistakes in his life and learned from the mistakes and ddicated his life to raising a child, people can relate to that, the humanity of it. He said they've been selling out almost every time. "What happens is that after two or three days of being in the state the word gets around that 'Oh my gosh, this is not the same show I thought it was going to be. It's incredible; you have to see it. '  We're completely sold out in San Francisco. We had a three-hour line yesterday. "Whether youve seen it 20 times or you've never seen it, you will get something new out of this experience. Its new because the creator spent 30 years watching the show to figure out what works, what doesnt. Performances are scheduled for September 25-30 at 7:30 p. m. Tuesday through Thursday and Sunday, 8 p. Friday and Saturday and 2 p. Saturday and Sunday at the Hobby Center, 800 Bagby. For information, call 713-315-2525 or visit or 35-380 Stage Margaret Downing is the editor-in-chief who oversees the Houston Press newsroom and its online publication. She frequently writes on a wide range of subjects. Contact: Margaret Downing Follow: Facebook: Margaret Downing Twitter: HoustonPress.


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Carrie has a pure lack of emotion here... She has nothing on Shan. Hope she isnt cast as Fatine again...
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Wow to Colm Wilkinson, Philip Quast, Alun Armstrong, Jenny Galloway, Michael Ball, Lea Salonga! Fantine sounds like she has a cold...

It's rumored that Javert is at least part Romani

Colm wlikinson     you  made us  smiles  so many years.   Special thanks to  Cameron  Mackintosh's you all your done for this  songs.   Cameron you are Extraordinary person. Cameron thank you for casting the Actors in little shop of horrors you madethem so special  colm thank you for the movie  to film in Austin.

Free online les misérables: the staged concert los angeles. YouTube Les Misérables (Musical. Free Online Les MisÃrables: The Staged concert band. Know Before You Go Traffic Notice Red River Street will be narrowed to two lanes between Clyde Littlefield Dr. and Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. until late fall 2019. Fri, Sep 13 8:00pm - Please be aware that extra traffic and parking congestion is expected. There is a soccer game at the adjacent Mike Meyers Stadium. San Jacinto garage is recommended for parking. Please allow extra time for parking. Sun, Sep 15 1:00pm - Please be aware that extra traffic and parking congestion is expected. Please allow extra time for parking. Cameron Mackintosh presents the new production of Alain Boublil and Claude-Michel Schönbergs Tony Award-winning musical phenomenon,  Les Misérables, direct from an acclaimed two-and-a-half-year return to Broadway. With its glorious new staging and dazzlingly reimagined scenery inspired by the paintings of Victor Hugo, this breathtaking new production has left both audiences and critics awestruck, cheering “ Les Miz  is born again! ” (NY1. Set against the backdrop of 19th-century France, Les Misérables tells an enthralling story of broken dreams and unrequited love, passion, sacrifice and redemption – a timeless testament to the survival of the human spirit. Featuring the thrilling score and beloved songs “I Dreamed A Dream, ” “On My Own, ” “Stars. “Bring Him Home, ” “One Day More, ” and many more, this epic and uplifting story has become one of the most celebrated musicals in theatrical history. Seen by more than 70 million people in 44 countries and in 22 languages around the globe, Les Misérables  is still the worlds most popular musical, breaking box office records everywhere in its 32nd year. BROWN BAG LUNCH Lunch and Discussion with Company Members Wed, Sep 11 12-1pm Jewish Community Center 7300 Hart Ln Austin, TX 78731 For General Public Please bring a brown bag lunch (kosher OR dairy/vegetarian. View event program. Packages are no longer being sold for the 2019/2020 Broadway in Austin season. We encourage you to sign up for our eCLUB for presale access to most shows. Join eCLUB.

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2020     Not Rated     English TV Show      Drama Notify me when seasons are released A straight to series order, Normal People based on Sally Rooney's best-selling novel. Normal People tracks the tender but complicated relationship of Marianne and Connell from the end of their school days in small-town west of Ireland to their undergraduate years at Trinity College. At school, he's well-liked and popular, while she's lonely, proud and intimidating. But when Connell comes to pick up his mother from her cleaning job at Marianne's house, a strange and indelible connection grows between the two teenagers - one they are determined to conceal. A year later, they're both studying in Dublin and Marianne has found her feet in a new social world but Connell hangs at the side lines, shy and uncertain. Season 1 12 Episodes 2020 Show Status    Active / Ongoing More info from Hulu + Add to Streaming Watchlist Discussion Please read our Discussion Rules and Guidelines before posting. New Topic Author Replies Latest There are no topics created for Normal People. Start a new topic and discuss Normal People today.

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Ordinary Love Watch stream new albums. Does Hulu have a new hit on their hands? The streaming service just announced theyve ordered a new TV show called  Normal People. Based on the novel by Sally Rooney, the drama series “tracks the tender but complicated relationship of Marianne and Connell from the end of their school days in small-town west of Ireland to their undergraduate years at Trinity College. ” Hulu has ordered 12 episodes of Normal People. You can read more info below: Hulu announces straight to series order on  Normal People,  a 12-episode, half-hour drama, adapted from Sally Rooneys NY Times best-selling novel from Element Pictures, in association with BBC Three. Normal People  tracks the tender but complicated relationship of Marianne and Connell from the end of their school days in small-town west of Ireland to their undergraduate years at Trinity College. At school, hes well-liked and popular, while shes lonely, proud and intimidating. But when Connell comes to pick up his mother from her cleaning job at Mariannes house, a strange and indelible connection grows between the two teenagers – one they are determined to conceal. A year later, theyre both studying in Dublin and Marianne has found her feet in a new social world but Connell hangs at the side lines, shy and uncertain. “As a longtime admirer of Lenny Abrahamsons work, its a special privilege for me to be working alongside him on the adaptation of Normal People. I couldnt be happier with the cast and team weve put together, and Im very excited to watch them bringing new life to the story on screen, ” said Sally Rooney “From the moment we read Normal People we were smitten.  This anatomy of a will-they-or-wont-they romance perfectly and uniquely captures the highs and lows of young true love. With our incredible partners Lenny, Sally, Alice, Mark, Element and the BBC Three we cant wait to bring the beloved novel to life and share the series with the world, ” said Beatrice Springborn Hulus VP, Content Development. The series stars Daisy Edgar-Jones ( War of the Worlds, Cold Feet)as Marianne, and Paul Mescal, in his first television role, as Connell. Lenny Abrahamson (ROOM, THE LITTLE STRANGER, FRANK) and Hettie McDonald will direct the series, with Abrahamson directing the first six and McDonald directing the final six. Adapted by Sally Rooney alongside writers Alice Birch and Mark ORowe,  Normal People  is a 12-episode 30-minute drama series. Normal People is an Element Pictures production (THE FAVOURITE, THE LOBSTER, Dublin Murders)  for Hulu and BBC Three. The series is executive produced by Ed Guiney (THE FAVOURITE, THE LOBSTER,  Dublin Murders) Andrew Lowe (THE FAVOURITE, ROOM, THE LOBSTER) Emma Norton (ROSIE, A DATE FOR MAD MARY) and Anna Ferguson ( No Offense, Prisoners Wives) for Element Pictures. Sally Rooney and Lenny Abrahamson will also serve as executive producers. Endeavour Content will serve as the international distributor. Following Rooneys critically acclaimed debut novel  Conversations with Friends, Normal People,  released in the US on April 16, 2019, was longlisted for the Man Booker Prize in 2018 and recently won 2019s Book of the Year at the British Book Awards. The series goes into production next week in Dublin, and will premiere in 2020. Normal People  hails from Sally Rooney, considered to be a defining voice of her generation. Published only a month ago in the U. S.,  Normal People  has quickly entered the zeitgeist.  The project further elevates Hulus mission of telling highly original, relevant stories that take on cultural conversations in a fresh and unexpected way, alongside  The Act, The Handmaids Tale, Fyre Fraud  and  Little Fires Everywhere. ” What do you think? Have you read  Normal People? Will you watch the Hulu series.

Buen cover hermano aunque es imposible superar a la voz de willy. When shes says heeee built at 1:00, and she let's her voice fall. beautiful. Ordinary Love Watch streaming sur internet. Ordinary Love Watch stream. I'm 22 years old and I just love his music. Normal People Official Teaser hulu Original • Coming April 2020 Drama • TV Series • 2020 A first look at Hulus new drama series based on Sally Rooneys best-selling novel. Normal People is a modern-day love story, set in Ireland, about ho. more Watch Trailer A first look at Hulus new drama series based on Sally Rooneys best-selling novel. more.

Shelby bain and lucas demarinis introduced me to this song in their beautiful duet and now I'm hooked. Sally Rooneys novel Normal People is primarily about two young, very intelligent Irish people who have a lot of discussions about politics and ideas and a lot sex. The first trailer for its inevitable TV adaptation can at least promise you the sex. The trailer for the BBC-Hulu series stars Daisy Edgar-Jones as a sort of Carey Mulligan Jr. version of the wealthy Marianne, with Paul Mescal as the teen soccer star Connell, who falls into a secret, sex-forward relationship with Marianne during high school, which gets more complicated as the two get older. These normal people are normal if you define “normal” as “looking like upscale sweater models” and “always seeming to be near good, soft lighting. ” (An ideal existence, honestly. Rooney is adapting the book alongside writers Alice Birch and Mark ORowe, with directors Lenny Abrahamson ( Room) and Hettie MacDonald working on the series. In addition to the British trailer, Hulu has put out its own look at Normal People, which has decidedly less heavy breathing. Will the show be good, in addition to making you want to have sex near an Irish beach? Americans will have to wait until it premieres on Hulu this spring to find out. Watch the Sex-Forward Trailer for the Normal People TV Show.

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The first trailer has been shared for the BBC and Hulus adaptation of Sally Rooneys bestselling novel Normal People. The 12-part drama, which will air on BBC Three, debuts this spring and was adapted for the screen by Rooney alongside writers Alice Birch and Mark ORowe. Daisy Edgar-Jones ( War Of The Worlds, Cold Feet) will star in the series as Marianne, joined by newcomer Paul Mescal as Connell. Watch the trailer below. Normal People is directed by Lenny Abrahamson ( Room, The Little Stranger, Frank) and Hettie McDonald, and was filmed in Dublin, Sligo and Italy. The new show, which was announced back in May of 2019, will feature 12 half-an-hour episodes, which will all arrive at once this spring. Of the show, Rooney said: “As a longtime admirer of Lenny Abrahamsons work, its a special privilege for me to be working alongside him on the adaptation of Normal People. “I couldnt be happier with the cast and team weve put together, and Im very excited to watch them bringing new life to the story onscreen. ” Hulu have described the show as “track[ing] the tender but complicated relationship of Marianne and Connell from the end of their school days in small-town west of Ireland to their undergraduate years at Trinity College. At school, hes well-liked and popular, while shes lonely, proud and intimidating. “But when Connell comes to pick up his mother from her cleaning job at Mariannes house, a strange and indelible connection grows between the two teenagers — one they are determined to conceal. A year later, theyre both studying in Dublin, and Marianne has found her feet in a new social world, but Connell hangs at the side lines, shy and uncertain. ”.
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Hulu revealed the first look at its upcoming adaptation of Sally Rooney's best-selling novel Normal People, on Friday during the Television Critics Association winter press tour. Although the 12-episode limited series does not yet have a premiere date, it's expected to debut on the streaming service this spring. Normal People details the ups and downs of the complicated but tender relationship between Marianne and Connell, from the end of their school days in a small town in Ireland all the way through their undergraduate years at Trinity College in Dublin. Daisy Edgar-Jones ( War of the Worlds, Cold Feet) portrays Marianne, who struggles to fit in at school but flourishes when she goes to college and is free from her family's influence. Paul Mescal, in his first television role, portrays Connell, a popular boy at school who struggles to find his place once he goes to Trinity as what he wants for himself and what society tells him he wants cause him emotional distress. Discover your new favorite show: Watch This Now! Rooney adapted the novel, which tells the story from both characters' points of view, with writers Alice Birch and Mark O'Rowe. One of the challenges of bringing the very introspective and intimate novel to the screen was acknowledging that the scripts were just one small piece of a much larger puzzle. "As a novelist, you have a whole set of tools you can use to express interiority, and as a screenwriter, you have a different set of tools, and I just wasn't used to using those. said Rooney. "That definitely was one of the big challenges for me in the beginning of this process, and the way that I think you deal with that is by acknowledging that the script is only one small part of what will become the show. As a novelist, all you see is what you put on the page, as language is the only tool that you have, whereas a screenwriter you accept that you're just one small part of all the layers that will go into presenting the story in a new way. " Making things more difficult for Rooney and the writers was the fact that, as Rooney noted, Marianne is "characterized by not having any friends or anyone to talk to" while Connell is "characterized by never really saying anything. Both of these characters have a kind of introspective quality, so how do you make that quality transfer from the interiority of the page to the visual technologies of TV and film? Part of that obviously is the role of actors. said Rooney. "And when you cast two people as talented as Daisy and Paul in material as rich as this, it gives you an opportunity to. present the direct presence of those characters. added director Lenny Abrahamson ( Room) who directed the first six episode of the series. He added, What this novel gives you is this essence, and then you just really find your way, as a group of creative people, to really reproduce that sort of essence in a different context. Normal People premieres this spring on Hulu. Daisy Edgar-Jones and Paul Mescal, Normal People Photo: Enda Bowe/Hulu ( Disclosure: TV Guide is owned by CBS Interactive, a division of ViacomCBS...

Ordinary love watch streaming. 'Ordinary Love (2019) is exactly what it says on the tin: a portrait of mundane, turbulent, beautiful love. It charts the journey of a couple moving through tough times and is as thoughtful and nuanced as you'd hope. Its story is rather straightforward (it's pretty much exactly what you'd expect) but it delivers what it needs to and feels all the more 'real' because of it. The focus of the film is something that isn't actually explored all that often and it's great to see it portrayed so sensitively here. The picture's grounded, non- romanticised' romance is brilliant, too. It feels as close to 'real' as possible, an honest and moving exploration of love that never seems heightened or false. The two stars deliver the goods in their subtle, harder-than-you-may-expect roles, coming together as a compelling pair of, essentially, real people. They have flaws and they argue but they also have an undeniable connection. When this is exploited, it's really heart-warming. When it comes down to it, though, the flick just isn't all that exciting or, perhaps, impactful. It's engaging enough and never even close to boring, but it doesn't quite hit home as hard as it ought to. It's good, don't get me wrong. I can't quite put into words what it is that it is, for me, missing. I guess I'll say it like this: it's good, but it's not great. 6/10.

The author co-wrote all the scripts for "Normal People. while entrusting the "Room" director to capture her acclaimed novel's ethereal "essence. " Sally Rooney sees herself in both characters within her novel, “ Normal People, ” but dont make her break it down further than that. “I feel my psychological state as a child remains a mystery to me now, ” Rooney said during a TCA panel for the upcoming Hulu series. “I dont know why I am the way I am. ” Thats what the writing is for, after all. “I felt, writing the book, that both characters were a projection of my point of view, ” she said. “They both embody aspects of my own psychology. […] The challenge of adapting this for the screen is that they both have introspective qualities. ” To help with that challenge, Rooney turned to Oscar-nominated “Room” director Lenny Abrahamson, who helmed the first six episodes of the 12-episode TV adaptation, while Hettie MacDonald is directing the second half. Joining Rooney on the panel, along with executive producer Ed Guiney and actors Paul Mescal and Daisy Edgar-Jones, Abrahamson said the key to unlocking the novels resonance onscreen is understanding how much you can learn about someone from their movement, reactions, and general demeanor — not everything has to be said. “You meet somebody on the street and you talk to them for 30 seconds, and you get a sense of who they are, ” Abrahamson said. “Its extraordinary how many nonverbal [indicators] exist in that arena. […]  What the novel gives you is this essence, so what youre trying to do as a [filmmaker] is recreate that essence in a new medium. ” Abrahamson also said television was the best place for this adaptation because of how specific you can be when telling an intimate story. “Television now gives you a chance to tell stories at an extremely granular level of detail, ” he said. “We can get this story to such a substantial audience and give it the details it needs. […] It felt very rich and very exciting for me to do. ” Adapted by Rooney alongside writers Alice Birch and Mark ORowe, “Normal People” is a 30-minute drama series. Per Hulus synopsis, the adaptation “tracks the tender but complicated relationship of Marianne and Connell from the end of their school days in a small town in the west of Ireland to their undergraduate years at Trinity College. At school, hes well-liked and popular, while shes lonely, proud, and intimidating. But when Connell comes to pick up his mother from her cleaning job at Mariannes house, a strange and indelible connection grows between the two teenagers — one they are determined to conceal. ” Both Abrahamson and Rooney credited their two leads for whatever success the series sees. “When you cast two people as talented as Daisy and Paul in territory as rich as this, it gives you a chance to explore the direct presence of those characters, ” Abrahamson said. But neither lead had read Rooneys book before they were cast. “I got my first audition and Id heard of the book — a few friends had told me, ‘this is the best thing youll ever read — […] but I knew from the writing how complex she was in the few lines of dialogue I got, ” Edgar-Jones said. “Im kind of glad I didnt read it before because I wouldve put an intense amount of pressure on myself. ” Mescal said hed read Rooneys first novel, “Conversations with Friends, ” but not “Normal People. ” Still, he described himself as a “romantic” who loved devastating love stories like this one, as well as films like “Blue Valentine” and “Marriage Story. ” Edgar-Jones agreed, citing Baz Luhrmanns “Romeo + Juliet” as a favorite. “Those are the kind of stories Im most interested in — I love love, ” she said. “To be part of one thats as special as this was really something. ” Abrahamson also pointed out that “Normal People” tells a rare story on television, when it comes to other young romances that can skew very dark (like HBOs “Euphoria”) or a bit soapy (like on The CW. “Its just as valuable to tell a story thats life-affirming […] about formative life-changing relationships, ” he said. “Theres nothing cynical about it, but its still very deep and very textured. ” “Normal People” is slated to premiere in Spring 2020 on Hulu. Watch the trailer below. Sign Up: Stay on top of the latest breaking film and TV news! Sign up for our Email Newsletters here.

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Liam Neeson has been cast alongside Lesley Manville in the forthcoming romantic, Northern Ireland-set drama film, Normal People. Liam Neeson has been cast in the forthcoming romantic drama, Normal People. After making a name for himself in films such as Steven Spielberg's 1993 World War II piece, Schindler's List, Neeson appeared in several big-budget franchise movies including Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace and Batman Begins, playing Qui-Gon Jinn and Ra's al-Ghul, respectively. More recent years have seen the Irish actor earn a reputation for tough guy secret agent-style roles, thanks to his starring turn in the Taken series, Run All Night,  Non-Stop, and The Commuter. As should be expected in such a varied and illustrious career, Liam Neeson has also appeared in a variety of romantic roles. Turns in Love Actually and Third Person allowed Neeson to showcase a side to his acting repertoire that doesn't get utilized as much as his angry voiced, kneeing-people-in-the-face persona but proved just as critically lauded. Such is the breadth of Neeson's acting range. Related: NBC Sets Taken 2 Premiere Date According to Deadline, Neeson has now been cast in Normal People, a film about a long-married couple whose relationship is rocked by a breast cancer diagnosis. Neeson will be playing Tom, the movie's husband, while his spouse, Joan, will be portrayed by Lesley Manville ( Phantom Thread. The project is set to begin filming in Belfast this July and will be directed by the duo of Lisa Barros D'Sa and Glenn Leyburn, with a script from Owen McCafferty. Brian J. Falconer, David Holmes, and Piers Tempest are producing. Although romantic drama may be one of Liam Neeson's lesser-explored genres, Normal People may represent a chance for the actor to make another huge impact on the awards scene after a few years of popcorn blockbuster fare. The report notes considerable hype surrounding this movie within the industry and predicts many potential suitors at Cannes next month, where the title will be on the market. As well as exploring more tender and emotional acting territory, Normal People will also present Neeson with the chance to film in his homeland of Northern Island, with the actor's birthplace of Ballymena not far from the film's location shoot in Belfast. However, this isn't the first time Neeson has explored his Irish heritage on-screen, having taken on the leading role in the Michael Collins biopic in 1996. That particular role earned the actor a Golden Globe nomination and it'll be interesting to see whether his latest venture in Normal People brings similar success, as many are predicting. More: Liam Neeson is Open to Playing Qui-Gon Again Normal People is currently without a release date. Source: Deadline Email George Lucas' Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker Cameo Revealed About The Author Craig first began contributing to Screen Rant in 2016, several years after graduating college, and has been ranting ever since, mostly to himself in a darkened room. Having previously written for various sports and music outlets, Craig's interest soon turned to TV and film, where a steady upbringing of science fiction and comic books finally came into its own. Craig has previously been published on sites such as Den of Geek, and after many coffee-drenched hours hunched over a laptop, part-time evening work eventually turned into a full-time career covering everything from the zombie apocalypse to the Starship Enterprise via the TARDIS. Since joining the Screen Rant fold, Craig has been involved in breaking news stories and mildly controversial ranking lists, but now works predominantly as a features writer. Jim Carrey is Craigs top acting pick and favorite topics include superheroes, anime and the unrecognized genius of the High School Musical trilogy. More About Craig Elvy.


Photo: Peter Mason / Getty Images On Wednesday, Pornhub dropped their annual Year in Review, in which the porn company breaks down every iota of porn you consume, where you consume it, when, and for how long.  The results? In the 21. 2 billion visits garnered over the year, people consumed a whopping 4, 392, 486, 580 hours of good old fashioned pornography, according to their analytics. Four. Billion. Hours. As their handy infographic points out, that's "2. 5 longer than homo sapiens have been on earth. Image via Pornhub Not only have visits grown year after year, but the amount of time spent on the site is increasing as well, jumping four seconds over last year to an average session of 9 minutes and 20 seconds. These numbers may not seem that amazing, but when you consider that this is merely one porn hub of the hundreds pornographic websites, the sheer volume of time spent watching porn with a capital P around the world must be staggering. Speaking of: In case you are seized by an intense feeling of patriotism, yes, the United States still tops the charts in per capita page views, coming in at 135 pages visited per citizen on average. However, the folks in the Philippines spent more time on the site, with an average of 12 minutes and 45 seconds. Americans were only there for a paltry 9 minutes and 51 seconds. Oh well, you can't win 'em all.  Congrats, mankind! While we could have been dedicating that time to curing diseases, brokering peace deals, or finally catching up on all that Homeland  saved up on your DVR, you were busy going to town on yourselves. What a world we live in.

Ordinary Love Watch streaming. Hulu has issued a straight to series order for “Normal People, ” based on the best-selling Sally Rooney novel, Variety  has learned. The first six episodes of the 12-episode, half-hour drama will be directed by “Room” helmer Lenny Abrahamson, while the last six will be directed by Hettie McDonald. “As a longtime admirer of Lenny Abrahamson s work, its a special privilege for me to be working alongside him on the adaptation of ‘Normal People. I couldnt be happier with the cast and team weve put together, and Im very excited to watch them bringing new life to the story on screen, ” said Sally Rooney. “Normal People” tracks the tender but complicated relationship of Marianne and Connell from the end of their school days in small-town west of Ireland to their undergraduate years at Trinity College. At school, Connell is well-liked and popular, while Marianne is lonely, proud and intimidating. But when Connell comes to pick up his mother from her cleaning job at Mariannes house, a strange and indelible connection grows between the two teenagers – one they are determined to conceal. The series, which will star Daisy Edgar-Jones   as Marianne and TV newcomer Paul Mescal as Connell, is produced by Element Pictures for BBC Three in partnership with Hulu. “From the moment we read ‘Normal People we were smitten.  This anatomy of a will-they-or-wont-they romance perfectly and uniquely captures the highs and lows of young true love. With our incredible partners Lenny, Sally, Alice, Mark, Element and the BBC Three we cant wait to bring the beloved novel to life and share the series with the world, ” said Beatrice Springborn, VP of content development at Hulu in a statement. Rooney is adapting alongside writers Alice Birch and Mark ORowe. Ed Guiney, Andrew Lowe, Emma Norton, and Anna Ferguson will executive produce for Element Pictures. Rooney and Abrahamson will also serve as EPs, while Catherine Magee will be the series producer. Endeavour Content will serve as the international distributor. The series started shooting in Dublin this week, and will premiere in 2020. SPOILER ALERT: Do not read if you have not yet watched the series finale of “Power. ” After six murderous seasons, Starz said goodbye to “Power” with five episodes of a “whodunit” murder mystery. “Who shot Ghost? ” was the final question the show answered in its series finale. After going through the other suspects, the final. If youre still wondering how Eminem wound up performing at this years Academy Awards, credit Justin Timberlake for the idea — sort of. Timberlake opened the 2017 ceremony with a performance of his hit “Cant Stop the Feeling, ” and since then, the Oscars has embraced including high-energy musical numbers to liven up the telecast. Last. Eminem rarely does interviews, and a conversation about last nights surprise performance of “Lose Yourself” at the Academy Awards — some 17 years after the song won him an Oscar — would seem rarer still. The performance in many ways was a belated do-over: Hed decided not to attend the ceremony in 2003, leaving his. In todays TV news roundup, Kiernan Shipka and Diane Kruger were cast in Quibis upcoming comedy series “Swimming with Sharks” and a “Neopets” animated series has been put into development. CASTING Kiernan Shipka (“Chilling Adventures of Sabrina”) and Diane Kruger (“In the Fade”) will star in Quibis upcoming series, “Swimming with Sharks. ” The series is. When director Jody Margolin Hahn first heard the idea for “The Connerss” special live episode, in which characters would be watching and reacting to the results of the New Hampshire primary arrive in real-time on TV, her first thought immediately went to that pivotal prop. “The TV is downstage. It normally lives on the fourth. Every time Ive wandered into a department store in the past decade or so, I inevitably run into a display of sassy, glittering shirts emblazoned with aggressively empowering phrases — “FEMINIST, ” “GIRL BOSS, ” “THE FUTURE IS FEMALE” — aimed at teenagers and millennial women like me. Corporate feminism like this tends to smooth the edges. CBS Sports is making a bid to one-up its competitors in the rapidly developing arena for U. S. sports betting. CBS Sports and British bookmaker William Hill struck a partnership that makes William Hill, which has a sizable U. presence, the official sports book and provider of wagering data across all CBS Sports properties. William Hill.

대단한 결심한 박경 응원합니다. Mark Kermode review of this is good. My wife recently beat cancer and even this trailer is hard to watch. Ill watch this film one day, but not yet. Ordinary Love Watch stream of consciousness. Image Courtesy of BBC Pictures. Normal People became a permanent fixture at book clubs, with many people walking down the street, traveling on public transportation, and spending their lunch breaks speeding through the book as they became consumed by the heart-racing romance between two Dublin teenagers. Just like the book, the series follows the intoxicating romance between Marianne and Connell, two teenagers from very different backgrounds, living in a small west Ireland town. They fall in love at school and later head off to Dublins Trinity College, where their modern love story takes a turn as they struggle to navigate their very different social worlds. The 50-second teaser starts with audio from Marianne's heartbreaking phone call to Connell as it cuts to the couple's most intimate moments, a steamy sex scene filled with so much tension you could cut it with a knife. SO HOT. We also get an insight into the level of chemistry between the two rising stars Daisy Edgar-Jones ( War of the Worlds, Cold Feet) and Paul Mescal as their relationship develops into a whirlwind romance, as well as a glimpse into the beautiful landscape of Ireland. Directed by Oscar-nominated Irish director Lenny Abrahamson ( Room, The Little Stranger, Frank) and award-winning director Hettie MacDonald ( Howards End) the series was filmed in Dublin, Sligo, and Italy. “In Daisy Edgar-Jones and Paul Mescal, I feel I have found two young actors who can vividly capture Marianne and Connell and bring alive the profound and beautiful relationship at the center of the story, ” Abrahamson teased last year. “Its also lovely for me to be shooting in Ireland again and telling an Irish story after shooting abroad. ” Rooney, who has penned the adaptation alongside writers Alice Birch and Mark ORowe, was long-listed for the Man Booker Prize in 2018, and Normal People was named 2019s Book of the Year at the British Book Awards. The 12-episode series premieres on Hulu in spring 2020. Check out the steamy trailer below.

Latest on Normal People Hulu Orders Drama Series 'Normal People' Based on Sally Rooney Best-Seller By Erik Pedersen, Deadline • May 30, 2019 Rooney's novel follows the complicated relationship of two teens as they begin their undergraduate careers at Trinity College. Ordinary Love Watch. Yeah All is quiet on New Year's Day A world in white gets underway I want to be with you, be with you night and day Nothing changes on New Year's Day On New Year's Day I will be with you again I will be with you again Under a blood-red sky A crowd has gathered in black and white Arms entwined, the chosen few The newspaper says, says Say it's true, it's true And we can break through Though torn in two We can be one I, I will be with you again I, I will begin again Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh Oh, maybe the time is right Oh, maybe tonight I will be with you again I will be with you again And so we are told this is the golden age And gold is the reason for the wars we wage Though I want to be with you Be with you night and day Nothing changes On New Year's Day On New Year's Day On New Year's Day.

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Top definitions related content examples explore dictionary british [ hahy -wey. ˈhaɪˌweɪ / noun a main road, especially one between towns or cities: the highway between Los Angeles and Seattle. any public road or waterway. any main or ordinary route, track, or course. Words related to highway roadway, boulevard, thoroughfare, track, freeway, street, superhighway, path, turnpike, artery, avenue, interstate, pike, drag, skyway, parkway, four-lane Words nearby highway hightail, hightail it, highty-tighty, highveld, highwall, highway, highway code, highway contract route, highway patrol, highway robbery, highwayman Origin of highway before 900; Middle English heyewei, Old English heiweg. See high, way 1 Unabridged Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Random House, Inc. 2020 Examples from the Web for highway It was a brick wall that we turned into the on-ramp of a highway. Cruce operates the Iron Hill Campground on the other side of the highway. Hundreds of cops saluting as the bodies were rolled out with a full escort by highway patrol. Highway safety flares provided light as the clans joined by loss sought solace in prayer and song. In 2002, he was arrested for reckless driving after swerving his SUV off the highway. I would not allow that paper, blown by the wind, to scare me from the highway of the argument! Oh, better the highway with its friendly blossoms than this couch of down and this stifled atmosphere which I am breathing! A short distance east of the mill-pond Otter Creek crosses the highway and sinks in the sand, becoming a lost stream. The cottage itself was on the main shore road leading from the village to Keyport Light, and a little removed from the highway. The shadows were already lengthening, and a cool breeze stirred the deep aisles of the pines on either side of the highway. British Dictionary definitions for highway highway noun a public road that all may use mainly US and Canadian law a main road, esp one that connects towns or cities a main route for any form of transport a direct path or course Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012.

“ Worlds end “mixed with “ without a paddle” while on sports trip. good luck, Ill see you at redbox. She's missing watching. It's so cool how many of these panel interviews you've gotten to see. :D. I hope Maddie is going to be okay when she goes to Australia and I'm crying. Next Vid: The cops seized and crushed my illegal R34. She's Missing watch online. Oh my, the cliché. 4th one : the royal second baby. Highway Theatrical release poster Directed by Imtiaz Ali Produced by Sajid Nadiadwala Imtiaz Ali Written by Imtiaz Ali Starring Randeep Hooda Alia Bhatt Music by A. R. Rahman Cinematography Anil Mehta Edited by Aarti Bajaj Production company Window Seat Films Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment Distributed by UTV Motion Pictures [1] Release date 13 February 2014 ( Berlin) 20 February 2014 ( UAE) 21 February 2014 (Worldwide) Running time 133 minutes [2] Country India Language Hindi Budget 90 million [3] Box office 477 million [3] Highway is a 2014 Indian road drama film written and directed by Imtiaz Ali and produced by Sajid Nadiadwala. The film stars Alia Bhatt and Randeep Hooda. Screened in the Panorama section of the 2014 Berlin International Film Festival, 4] the film released worldwide on 21 February 2014. [5] 6] 7] 8] The film is based on the episode of the same name from the Zee TV anthology series Rishtey, starring Aditya Srivastava and Kartika Rane, which was also written and directed by Imtiaz Ali. [9] It tells the story of a girl ( Alia Bhatt) who, for reasons later revealed, discovers freedom after being kidnapped. Upon release the film met with positive reviews, with Alia Bhatt and Randeep Hooda's performances praised by both audiences and critics alike. Plot [ edit] Veera Tripathi ( Alia Bhatt) is the daughter of a rich Delhi -based business tycoon. One day before her wedding, she goes on a drive with Vinay - her fiancé whom she does not love - and is abducted from a petrol station off a highway, while Vinay sits in the car convulsed with fear. The gang who takes her panic when they find out that her father has links in the government. However, Mahabir Bhati ( Randeep Hooda) one of the abductors, is willing to do whatever it takes to see this through. The men continuously move Veera through different cities, to avoid being tracked by police. As the days go by, Veera finds peace and a new-found freedom, which confuses and frustrates Mahabir. Veera becomes comfortable with her captors, to the point that she confides in Mahabir the horrors of her childhood, when she was sexually abused by her own uncle as a nine-year-old. She views the abduction as a blessing in disguise, since she finally has the chance to experience life and find herself. Eventually, when the police forcefully search the truck, Veera, surprising even herself, hides. She concludes that she loves the journey and doesn't want to go back to her family and old life. Slowly, she unravels Mahabir's story in bits and pieces. His father abused both, him when he was a young child, and his mother who was used as a sex slave by the rich landlords. Mahabir escaped and has never returned. Mahabir slowly lets down his guard and begins to care for Veera, and his anger fades away slowly. He tries to leave her at a police station in one of the small mountainous towns they stop in. However, Veera refuses and insists on staying with Mahabir. Together, they travel and he starts to fall in love with her. They stay in a hilltop house and Veera reveals that one of her many crazy dreams was always to have a small home in the mountains. Mahabir becomes emotional seeing the way Veera cares for him, reminding him of his mother. Both sleep peacefully that night, free from their respective haunting pasts. But the very next morning, police arrive and, during the chaos, shoot Mahabir, to which Veera reacts emotionally and strongly. She later is brought back to her parents' house, where she recovers from the emotionally draining experience while surrounded by her family members, including her fiancé. Finally she feels physically better and confronts her uncle who harassed her as a child, in front of her family. She yells and breaks down as she asks her father why he warned her only about dangers posed by outsiders, while the real threat was from insiders, the people who had surrounded her since childhood. She leaves the house and goes to live in the mountains where she starts her own factory, buys a house and lives there. The film ends with Veera looking at the mountains, then the sky. Closing her eyes, she sees her nine-year-old self playing happily on the hillside. A boy (presumably Mahabir) joins her. She watches them play, making peace with both the man she loved and their mutual childhood forms. Cast [ edit] Randeep Hooda as Mahabir Bhati Gujjar Alia Bhatt as Veera Tripathi Arjun Malhotra as Vinay Saharsh Kumar Shukla as Goru Pradeep Nagar as Tonk Durgesh Kumar as Aadoo Hemant Mahaur as Kasana Reuben Israel as M. K. Tripathi Naina Trivedi as Amma Mohd. Kaif as young Mahabir Samar Mudasir Bakshi as young Veera Production [ edit] Development [ edit] In an interview with The Telegraph, director Imtiaz Ali stated. Highway has been a story that has stayed with me for 15 years. There was something in it that didn't die. Usually you lose interest in a story beyond a certain point. But with Highway, there was something very subtle, yet something very influential. On the story he added, Some years ago, I made a half-hour episode for a TV series (1999 for Zee TV 's Rishtey starring Aditya Srivastava and Kartika Rane) and that's where I first got a hint for this story. And over time, it changed form and genres until I just gave up. And then it all settled down to this journey of two characters. As for the central female lead, I thought I would cast someone with some experience of life, someone who had probably been through some relationships. [10] While penning the script he stated he had to change many scenes of the film because he felt they were becoming too similar to his previous film, Jab We Met. He said that the film was his first digital film. [11] In the April 2013 interview with the same, he said the film is primarily the story of two characters from very different backgrounds— played by Randeep Hooda and Alia Bhatt —who take the road trip across six states in a truck. [12] Further, Ali told that he had thought of making Highway in various ways. At an instant he thought of making it a very big action film later he thought of scripting it in a very romantic way; some 12 years back, he drew romantic instances from Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak. He added, The film is about the discovery of yourself while traveling. Its a coming-of-age movie. Prior to shooting he didn't complete scripting for the film and the script got ready after the shooting of the scenes because the dialogues were decided on the spot. [13] Over the improvisations in script, he stated, For instance, when we were on the top of snow mountains in Himachal Pradesh, I wanted to be open to what nature suggested and the impulses the actors gave me, rather than stick to what I had written, sitting in a room in Mumbai. The film was made on the way, on the go. I had to have very suitable, good actors and a low maintenance crew. 14] For Highway, Randeep Hooda prepared for his role with such sincerity that in order to keep the initial distance with Alia Bhatts character, he didnt speak to her for about 25 days. [15] Casting [ edit] Ali said that earlier he was looking out for an older actress to match up with Hooda. However, the role went to Alia Bhatt that made effect on his film script. [11] Later he added, I needed somebody who is city slick girl (Alia Bhatt) who has never been out. But the guy (Randeep Hooda) had to be somebody who has had a life and understanding of life. 16] About Hooda's character, Ali stated, Mahabir is also pure enough not to be a prototypical villain. Only later in the film, certain things are revealed about him, why hes an oppressor. 14] Besides the main casting Imtiaz Ali and Mukesh Chhabra cast Pradeep Nagar as one of the main henchman of Randeep. Crew [ edit] As per previous collaboration of Ali with the composer A. Rahman, the latter's inclusion in the project though initially rumored [17] was confirmed by March 2013. In an interview with The Telegraph Ali stated that he wasnt even thinking of A. Rahman to score for this film. However, after reading the script Rahman agreed to score. [11] In yet another interview Ali stated, he and Rahman were in touch through Skype and Rahman enquired about Ali's new project and wanted to collaborate after Ali deciphered the outline of the story. [14] The film is produced by Sajid Nadiadwala under his new production house Window Seat Films and Imtiaz Ali is the co-producer. The cinematography was done by Anil Mehta. Resul Pookutty was roped in for the film's sound design. Lyricist Irshad Kamil has penned the songs. [18] 19] Filming [ edit] Principal photography began in early March 2013 on highways of India. Imtiaz Ali quoted. Highway is emotionally charged, physically strenuous. The first look as a snap at the filming location featuring the director and the lead actors was released in March 2013. [20] Initially, the director planned to shoot along Bengal-Bihar-Odisha highway road belt but later opted to shoot along the road highways of Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh [21] and Kashmir, making the film first of its kind to shoot such. Scenes were shot in Kuchaman valley where the sand dunes provided the terrain transitions that were necessarily required. [12] In mid-April 2013, the crew was off to Gurais, Kashmir to shoot a song and some sequences in the valley. [22] Scenes in Aru valley and Chandanwari near Pahalgam in South Kashmir were also canned. [23] 24] By early May 2013, nearly seventy percent of the filming was completed. [25] Although the entire shooting was planned for 60 days, the team finished in 52 days. On filming scenes, in an interview with The Hollywood Reporter, Ali stated, I also didn't go for a large camera setup such as cranes and dollies. I wanted the cameras to be easily transported as we were shooting in difficult locations such as mountains. So if I thought the shot would look better from a higher angle, we could move the equipment faster than if we had a heavy setup. 10] Officially, the shooting was wrapped up on 28 May 2013. [26] Music [ edit] The film soundtrack album is composed by A. Rahman. The album has nine original songs with lyrics of eight tracks penned by Irshad Kamil and remaining one by Lady Kash and Krissy. Initially, the film was planned with only background score and no songs. [27] The track "Maahi Ve" sung by A. Rahman and "Patakha Guddi (female) sung by Nooran sisters (Jyoti & Sultana Nooran) both these singles framed the score of the theatrical trailer [ citation needed] These tracks clenched second position on iTunes India single charts on their respective release dates as singles. The complete soundtrack album had a digital release on 24 January 2014. It debuted on number one position on iTunes India and "Maahi Ve" was the chart topping single. [28] Promotion [ edit] Alia Bhatt and Randeep Hooda at the first look launch of Highway Marketing began from November 2013 wherein series of behind the scenes footages as episodes titled under the head "Highway Diaries" were released on Bollywood Hungama 's production blog. The film's merchandise, consisting head gear, jackets, map scarfs, bags and shirts, all with fabric prints of title logo, were made available for online purchase. [29] On 30 January 2014, Alia Bhatt promoted the film on the sets of Dance India Dance. [30] On 13 February 2014, Hooda, Bhatt, Ali, A. Rahman and the director of Disney UTV made an appearance at Cineworld in Feltham to promote the film as well for its first International premiere at the 64th Berlin International Film Festival. [31] Ali and Alia Bhatt promoted the film at an event in Taj West End, Bengaluru. [32] The leading duo and Imtiaz Ali appeared on the show Comedy Nights with Kapil to promote the film. [33] Actor Ranbir Kapoor had seen an early cut of the film. He arrived at the Film City studios where he, Imtiaz Ali and Alia Bhatt moved around in the truck and had a talk about the film. This activity of promotion was filmed for the news channel Times Now. [34] Release [ edit] Initially set to release on 12 December 2013, the film's release date was moved to 21 February 2014. [35] The trailer of the film was released on 16 December 2013. [36] On 20 February 2014, a day prior to the film's release, the film had a special screening that was attended by Pooja Bhatt, Mahesh Bhatt, Imtiaz Ali, Shazahn Padamsee, Mukesh Bhatt, Bhushan Kumar, and Rekha at the PVR Cinemas in Mumbai. Apart from the guest invitees, critics were specially invited for the film's screening. citation needed] Critical reception [ edit] Metacritic gives the film a score of 40 out of 100, based on 5 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews. 37] India [ edit] Critic Srijana Mitra Das for The Times of India gave the film 3. 5 stars out of 5 and stated. Highway is not an easy ride. But it offers fresh breezes and new sights. 38] For Mumbai Mirror, Rahul Desai wrote. Highway makes for the kind of cinema we need, perhaps not something we entirely deserve. Even if you aren't moved by its unhurried simplicity, or do not agree with this review, I challenge you to resist an overwhelming urge to rush out after dark hoping to get kidnapped (or simpler, just take off) to the foothills of the Himalayas. In that itself, is the battle won by a film that strives for little more. 39] He gave the film 4 out of 5. Critic Sonia Chopra for Sify gave 4 on 5 and said, Maybe theres no need to intellectualize this beautiful bond and just savour it as it is. Just like the film. Do Not Miss. 40] Assigning no rating yet positive critical review, at One India, Venkatesh Prasad stated. Highway will be a special experience for you, especially if you like road movies. Film has some valid points about life in general. Watch it and you won't regret your decision. 41] Saibal Chatterjee for NDTV gave the film 3 out of 5 and wrote. Highway is a must watch as much for what it is as for what it isnt. It is not a typical romantic drama, nor an average love story. It is a road movie with a difference. [42] Parmita Uniyal for Hindustan Times writes, If you are stuck on the crossroads of life, take the Highway. The critic described the performance as. Alia Bhatt is still a 'student' in Bollywood, but can give a lesson or two to many. A natural performer, she nails it in a couple of scenes" whereas for Randeep Hooda she wrote. He delivers a nuanced yet controlled performance. He perfects the Haryanvi accent to lend authenticity to his character. He's able to get into the skin of his character Mahabir Bhati. His character opens up and frees himself from the self-imposed shackles towards the end. 43] For Rediff, Aseem Chhabra after viewing the film in Berlin quoted, It is rare that a Hindi language film delivers so much promise in the first half. And so it is extremely disappointing when the director and his script lead us on a journey that eventually fizzles out, collapses and dies in front of our eyes. He gave the film 2 stars out of 5. [44] According to Movie critic RJ Akki for FireMud FM. Alia Bhatt breaks her image from Student of the Year and mesmerises through her role in the movie. Randeep Hooda is expressionless till the interval, but still his acting is commendable. Imtiaz Ali has proved himself all-rounder. To conclude, RJ Akki gave the film 3 stars out of 5. [45] Manohar Basu at Koimoi stated. Highway whips up all the ingredients required for an intriguing film but goes wrong as a whole. It is bold subject handled flimsily and doesn't come close to believable. There is excessive heavy handedness in the screenplay and somehow the effortless ease that signifies the beauty of Imtiazs films is absolutely missing from it. There is far too much of incoherence in the screenplay to bear and though it tried its hand at adding varied hues to multiple layers of the story, one cannot disagree to the fact that it is only Rahmans divine music and the pristine cinematography that works here. The film is heart-breakingly mediocre. It is a lenient 2. 5/5 for Highway. 46] Shubhra Gupta for The Indian Express gave the film 2 out of 5 stars, stated that " Highway is pretty but stagey, Alia Bhatt falters in many places. 47] Deepanjali Pal for Firstpost writes, A journey with Alia Bhatt and many road bumps. 48] According to critic Gayatri Sankar for Zee News. Highway emerges as a clear winner. It is not meant for movie goers who enter the theatre hoping to see some bizarre fight sequences, masaledar drama, naach-gaana or intense love-making scenes. Nonetheless, if you are looking forward to seeing a really hatke love story then Highway is your destination. She gave the film 3. 5 stars out of 5. [49] Overseas [ edit] Priya Joshi of Digital Spy gave it 4 (out of 5) stars: It's exemplary filmmaking, and the hope is that audiences will take a detour from the confines of commercial Bollywood and embrace this wholly edifying experience. Highway' will move you in ways you would have never expected. 50] Sneha May Francis for Emirates 24/7 wrote, Barring a sluggish narrative and a few continuity slip-ups, Imitiazs movie promises remarkable performances. Highway is a road less traveled, and one that we think you must embark on. Its a bumpy ride, no doubt, but one thats set in the right direction. 51] Deborah Young for The Hollywood Reporter stated that "Soul-lifting visuals and a score by A. Rahman help, but cant save, a pat drama. 52] Viji Alles for UKAsian wrote, a road-trip movie that not only gives a triumphant two-fingered salute to many films of the genre but to Bollywood convention as well. 53] Rachel Saltz for The New York Times putforth, Mr. Alis story, though, wanders too long and too far, sometimes coming off like a forced mash-up of “It Happened One Night” and “Patty Hearst. ” No wonder the film cant sustain a tone, wavering between realism and Bollywood hokum. 54] Assigning the film 3. 5 out of 5 stars, critic Manjusha Radhakrishnan for Gulf News stated, Its gritty in parts and unrealistic in some (which hostage would break out into a hip-hop dance on wasteland. But watch this one for Bhatt and Hooda. They are at their vulnerable, rugged best. Plus, if you are in the mood to see India in its raw, unpolished state, Highway can be an exhilarating ride. 55] Critic Zachary Wigon for The Village Voice commented, Imtiaz Ali's Highway is nothing if not erratic in its narrative delivery — though its fascinating thematic concern remains fixed throughout. He summarized the film - Indian 1 Percenter Kidnapped! Then She Falls in Love! It's Bollywood. 56] Ronnie Scheib for Variety said, Life is literally a highway for kidnapper and victim in this engaging and atypical improvised Bollywood road movie. 57] At critic Roger Joseph Ebert 's website where the film receives 2. 5 stars (out of 4) critic-cum-journalist Danny Bowes wrote. Highway might be a very good movie indeed. Instead, it's an inconsistent, if intermittently splendorous, work. There are, to be perfectly clear, far worse things in life. 58] Box office [ edit] India The film was released on over 700 screens across India; mostly in multiplexes. It started slowly with occupancy of 20–25% at the theatres but later gained momentum during evening in multiplexes in metropolitan cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Gurgaon, and Bangalore collecting 32. 5 million (US460, 000)– 35 million (US490, 000. 59] 60] Second day collections were around 40 million (US560, 000)– 42. 5 million (US600, 000) with growth in circuit's like Delhi NCR, East Punjab, Rajasthan and CI. [61] On the fourth day post its release, the film grossed around 25 million (US350, 000) nett taking the overall four-day total to 155 million (US2. 2 million. 62] The complete one week collections after the release accounted for 217. 5 million (US3. 0 million. 63] On the eighth day, the film dropped its collections, grossing around 0. 75 million (US11, 000) nett. The total business in eight days was around 225 million (US3. 2 million) nett. [64] The film dropped in its second week as it collected 50 million (US700, 000. 52. 5 million (US740, 000) nett in its second weekend taking its two-week gross to around 226 million (US3. [65] Overseas The film collected Rs 1. 78 crores nett (286, 495) from 81 screens in the USA, Rs 24. 22 lakhs (39, 027) from 12 screens in Canada, Rs 1. 49 crores (AED 881, 500) in the UAE and Rs 1. 10 crore (106, 581) from 49 screens in the UK Box Office in the first weekend. the performance of Highway is not up to the mark in other foreign countries like Australia and New Zealand. The film has raked in Rs 22. 51 lakhs (A40, 391) from 13 screens in Australia and Rs 5. 15 lakhs (NZ10, 020) from 6 screens in the New Zealand Box office in the first weekend. which released in around 250 screens in the international markets, has approximately collected Rs 5. 58 crores (900, 000) at the Overseas Box Office in the first weekend. [66] Accolades [ edit] Note – The lists are ordered by the date of announcement, not necessarily by the date of ceremony/telecast. Positive awards and nominations Distributor Date announced Category Recipient Result Reference Stardust Awards 15 December 2014 Best Actor (Searchlight Awards) Randeep Hooda Won [67] 68] Best Director (Searchlight Awards) Imtiaz Ali New Talent Awards Superstar of Tomorrow (Female) Alia Bhatt Best Actress (Searchlight Awards) Nominated Best Playback Singer (Female) Jyoti & Sultana Nooran (for the song "Patakha Guddi" Best Music Director A. Rahman Best Actor in a Drama Best Actress in a Drama BIG Star Entertainment Awards 19 December 2014 Most Entertaining Film Imtiaz Ali, Sajid Nadiadwala [68] Most Entertaining Social - Drama Film Most Entertaining Romantic Film Most Entertaining Actor in a Social - Drama Film - Male Most Entertaining Actor in a Social - Drama Film - Female Most Entertaining Song A. Rahman (for the song Maahi Ve) Star Guild Awards 12 January 2015 The Guild Presidents Awards N/A [69] 70] Best Director Best Actress in a Leading Role Best Actor in a Leading Role Best Female Singer Sultana & Jyoti Nooran (for the song "Patakha Guddi" Best Lyricist Irshad Kamil (for the song "Patakha Guddi" Best Music (with track name) A. Rahman (for the song "Patakha Guddi" Best Screenplay Best Story Best Dialogue Screen Awards 15 January 2015 Best Playback Singer Female [71] 72] Best Actor (Male) Best Actor (Female) Best Music Best Background Score Best Editing Aarti Bajaj Filmfare Awards 31 January 2015 Best Actress (Critic's choice) 73] Best Playback Singer – Female Jyoti Nooran, Sultana Nooran (for the song "Patakha Guddi" Best Cinematography Anil Mehta Global Indian Music Academy (GiMA) Awards 25 February 2015 Best Film Album [74] 75] Best Music Arranger & Programmer A. Rahman (for the song "Maahi Ve" Background Score Composer Best Music Debut Best Playback Singer - Female Mirchi Music Awards 26 February 2015 Female Vocalist of The Year Nooran Sisters (for the song "Patakha Guddi" 76] 77] Upcoming Female Vocalist of The Year PTC Punjabi Music Awards 21 April 2015 Best Punjabi Song Based in a Hindi Film References [ edit] "Tiger Shroff's debut film 'Heropanti' to release next year. Retrieved 15 October 2013... HIGHWAY (12A. IG Interactive Entertainment Limited. British Board of Film Classification. 13 February 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2014. ^ a b [1] Box Office India ^ Rajesh Kumar Singh (18 January 2014. Imtiaz Ali's HIGHWAY completes Berlinale Panorama feature line up. Bollywood Trade. Retrieved 18 January 2014. ^ Imtiaz Ali's Highway to release on February 21, 2014. Indicine. 3 April 2013. Retrieved 28 September 2013. ^ Is 'Highway' India's first film on the 'Stockholm Syndrome. CNN-IBN. 17 December 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2014... Highway' not the first film with kidnapping as the plot. Chaya Unnikrishnan. DNA. 21 February 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2014... Highway' Is Not Bollywood's First Tryst With Stockholm Syndrome. Mohar Basu. Koimoi. 19 February 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2014. ^ Highway robbery. or happenstance. The Hindu. 28 February 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2014. ^ a b Nyay Bhushan (13 February 2014. Indian Director Imtiaz Ali: I'm Supposed to Be a Vulgar Sellout' Berlin Q&A. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 13 February 2014. ^ a b c Pritam D. Gupta (14 March 2013. Imtiaz's journey, inside-out. The Telegraph. Retrieved 20 April 2013. ^ a b Pritam D. Gupta (3 April 2013. Who's That Girl. Retrieved 20 April 2013... Highway' Changed Forms Many Times, Says Imtiaz Ali. Indiawest. Retrieved 7 December 2013. ^ a b c "Berlin Diary: Movies are like infections' says Imtiaz Ali on Highway. Firstpost. Retrieved 17 February 2014. ^ Why Randeep Hooda didn't speak to Alia Bhatt for 25 days during Highway shoot. The Indian Express. Retrieved 21 February 2014. ^ Imtiaz Ali: Highway is a coming-of-age film. Digital Spy. 26 November 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2013. ^ After Rockstar Imtiaz Ali, A R Rahman reunite for Highway. 12 February 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2013. ^ Imtiaz Ali turns producer with Highway. Hindustan Times. 25 March 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2013. ^ Imtiaz Ali teams up with A. R Rahman again for `Highway. Zee News. 14 March 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2013. ^ Highway (2013) Film First Look - Alia Bhatt & Randeep Hooda. Yetket. Retrieved 20 April 2013. ^ Shooting Locations for Highway. Filmapia. ^ Peerzada Ashiq (20 April 2013. Bollywood calling: Imtiaz Ali takes the 'Highway' to Valley. Srinigar. Retrieved 20 April 2013. ^ On the road: When Highway girl Alia met the nomadic Bakarwals of Kashmir Valley. India Today. 19 May 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2013. ^ For Bollywood's Kashmir romance, Deepti Naval to float studio on Dal lake. ^ I wanted 'Highway' to be my first film: Imtiaz Ali. The Times of India. 8 May 2013. Retrieved 13 May 2013. ^ Imtiaz Ali's Highway shoot wraps up. New Delhi. Retrieved 17 January 2014. ^ Anirban Das (21 January 2014. I will quit if I'm unable to meet people's expectations: AR Rahman. Mumbai. Retrieved 21 January 2014. ^ Highway (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack. iTunes Store. Retrieved 24 January 2014. ^ Highway the movie - the road, the places, the HIGHWAY. 1469workshop. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 6 January 2014. ^ Who caught Alia Bhatt's eye on DID4. Retrieved 6 February 2014. ^ Sunny Malik. "Alia Bhatt and Imtiaz Ali bring Highway to London. Bollyspice. Retrieved 6 February 2014. ^ Aparna Mudi. "Imtiaz Ali, Alia Bhatt launch 'Highway' in Bangalore. Retrieved 19 February 2014. ^ Melanie Demello (18 February 2014. Comedy Nights With Kapil Goes On A Highway. Business of Cinema. Retrieved 19 February 2014. ^ Ranbir Kapoor's special gesture for 'Highway. DNA India. Retrieved 19 February 2014... Heropanti' release shifted to make way for 'Highway. Retrieved 15 October 2013. ^ A R Rahman to compose music for Ranbir Kapoor, Deepika Padukone's 'Window Seat. The Indian Express, Bollywood Hungama. Retrieved 30 October 2013. ^ Highway Reviews. Metacritic. Retrieved 17 August 2016. ^ Highway. Retrieved 20 February 2014. ^ Film review: Highway. Mumbai Mirror. Retrieved 20 February 2014. ^ Highway Review: Don't miss it. Sify. OneIndia. Retrieved 20 February 2014. ^ Highway movie review. NDTV. Retrieved 20 February 2014. "Highway. Bollywood Hungama. Retrieved 22 February 2014. ^ Movie review: Alia Bhatt, Randeep Hooda's Highway is bumpy yet deeply enjoyable. Retrieved 20 February 2014. ^ Review: Highway is extremely disappointing. Rediff. Retrieved 20 February 2014... Highway' Movie Review. FireMud FM. Retrieved 18 January 2015. ^ Highway Review. Retrieved 20 February 2014. ^ Movie Review Highway: Alia Bhatt falters in many places. Retrieved 21 February 2014... Highway' review: Imtiaz Ali delivers a clear winner; Alia, Randeep mesmerise. Retrieved 21 February 2014. ^ Highway review: Imtiaz Ali's film will touch you at your core. Retrieved 21 February 2014. ^ Sneha May Francis. "Bollywood movie review: Alia Bhatt, Randeep Hooda step it up for 'Highway. Emirates 24/7. Retrieved 20 February 2014. ^ Highway: Berlin Review. Retrieved 20 February 2014. ^ Viji Alles. TheUKAsianReview: Imtiaz Ali's 'Highway' is a silent triumph. UKAsian. Retrieved 20 February 2014. ^ Rachel Saltz. "Celebrating Bondage Over Bonds of Marriage. The New York Times. Retrieved 20 February 2014. ^ Review: Highway is gritty in parts, unrealistic in others. Gulf News. Retrieved 21 February 2014. ^ Review: Highway. The Village Voice. Retrieved 22 February 2014. ^ Film Review: Highway. Variety. Retrieved 22 February 2014. ^ Danny Bowes. "Film Review: Highway. Retrieved 22 February 2014. ^ Highway Dependent On Word Of Mouth Darr At Mall Dull. Box Office India Trade Network. Box office India. Retrieved 22 February 2014. ^ Highway First Day Collection Report. 22 February 2014. Retrieved 22 February 2014. ^ Highway Darr At The Mall Second Day Business. Box Office India. 23 February 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2014. ^ Highway Is Steady On Monday. 25 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014. ^ Highway First Week On Lower Side. Retrieved 1 March 2014. ^ Highway Drops On Eighth Day. Retrieved 1 March 2014. ^ Highway At 26 Crore In Two Weeks. Retrieved 8 March 2014. ^ Highway First Weekend Collection At Overseas Box Office. Retrieved 2 March 2014. ^ Winners of Stardust Awards 2014. 15 December 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2014. ^ a b "Stardust Awards 2014 Complete Nominations. Pinkvilla. 10 December 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2014. ^ Star Guild Awards 2015. 8 January 2015. Retrieved 8 January 2015. ^ Star Guild Award Winners 2015. 12 February 2015. Retrieved 13 February 2015. ^ Screen Awards 2015. Retrieved 8 January 2015. ^ Shahid Kapoor, Priyanka Chopra win big at Screen Awards 2015. 14 January 2015. Retrieved 15 January 2015. ^ Here is the complete list of winners from last night's Filmfare Awards. The Express Tribune. Retrieved 1 February 2015. ^ OVER THE YEARS - GiMA 2015. GiMA. Retrieved 25 February 2015. ^ Amit Trivedi and Queen are major winners at GiMA Awards. Retrieved 25 February 2015. ^ MMA Mirchi Music Awards. MMAMirchiMusicAwards. Retrieved 27 March 2018. External links [ edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Highway. Official website Highway on IMDb Highway at Rotten Tomatoes Highway at Metacritic Highway at Box Office Mojo.

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She 27s missing watch show. TAKATA AIR BAG RECALLS.   Sign up for our Recall Alerts to be notified when you can search for all vehicles affected by this recall. Complete Takata recall coverage More information at >>  Latest News and Information from NHTSA. Cost-free. How can a director get things so bad with such a good cast. It's the proverbial question when people go on quiz shows and clearly do not have an understanding of trivia let alone knowledge. This film shows that the director has basically seen the same film over and over again, nothing new at all and no ability.
Ooooh look, petulant, misunderstood young girls either madly dancing or sitting in a circle with other equally drugged girls angry at everything, nope never seen that before. Drama it is not, dross it is, take note Irish Film Board, parents and husband ability does not equate to all family members being talented.

Hi y'all, I'm back and finally able to say how I feel about this movie. I finished this movie over an hour ago, it was. is) one of the best movies I've ever seen. Some parts in it needed something more. For me, whether Jane forgives me or not, wants to be rescued or not, I would save her, any way I can. To make sure that "family" doesnt go after or bother Jane ever again, I would finish them off in a mixed styles of the endings from apocalypse now and taxi driver. But still, it was a great movie. I give it 8/10.
The ending of the movie, I'm only slightly conflicted when Jane and Heidi are reunited.
I do not care what anyone else says, but I mostly and truly believe w/ all my heart & soul that Jane realizes what she did was wrong and is slowly recovering from it. One step at a time. Later, Jane finds Heidi in the new hotel, to be reunited/together again and beg for forgiveness. then face their problems, their dreams again and their futures, head on together.
as for eiza gonzalez, it was one of the greatest performances she ever did (so far. SHE DESERVES AN OSCAR. For her performance as Jane and another statue for her performance in another movie she did. "Paradise hills" she played as amarna.
even though she did small roles recently, I love all her characters and all the hard work she put into them. But she's not being fully recognized enough for her talents/gifts. And she should be. Because what I've seen in her t.v. show (from dusk till dawn: the series) and in both paradise hills and she's missing, she deserves an Emmy and couple of oscars. Because she deserves them 1,000. br> I give the movie 8/10, but I give eiza Gonzalez 1000/1000.

Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways Highway shields for Interstate 80, Business Loop Interstate 80, and the Eisenhower Interstate System Interstate Highways in the 48 contiguous states. Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico also have Interstate Highways. See version with numbers. System information Length 48, 191 mi [a] 77, 556 km) Formed June 29, 1956 [1] Highway names Interstates Interstate X (I-X) System links Interstate Highway System Main Auxiliary Suffixed Business Future This article is part of a series about Dwight D. Eisenhower Early Life Military Career World War II Supreme Allied Commander in Europe D-Day Operation Overlord Surrender of Germany VE-Day Crusade in Europe President of the United States Presidency First Term Draft movement 1952 Campaign Election 1st Inauguration Korean War Atoms for Peace Cold War New Look Domino theory Second Term 1956 campaign 2nd Inauguration Eisenhower Doctrine Sputnik crisis Missile gap NDEA NASA DARPA Civil Rights Act of 1957 Little Rock Nine U-2 incident Farewell Address Post-Presidency Legacy Presidential library and museum Tributes and memorials v t e The Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly known as the Interstate Highway System, is a network of controlled-access highways that forms part of the National Highway System in the United States. Construction of the system was authorized by the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956. The system extends throughout the contiguous United States and has routes in Hawaii, Alaska, and Puerto Rico. The U. S. federal government first funded roadways through the Federal Aid Road Act of 1916, and began an effort to construct a national road grid with the passage of the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1921. After Dwight D. Eisenhower became president in 1953, his administration developed a proposal for an interstate highway system, eventually resulting in the passage of the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956. Construction of the Interstate Highway System was proclaimed complete in 1992, though some planned routes were canceled and several routes have stretches that do not fully conform with federal standards. The cost of construction of the Interstate Highway System was approximately 114 billion (equivalent to 521 billion in 2018. The original system has been expanded numerous times through the creation of new designations and the extension of existing designations. Though much of their construction was funded by the federal government, Interstate Highways are owned by the state in which they were built. All Interstates must meet federal standards such as having controlled access, using a minimal number of traffic lights, and complying with federal traffic sign specifications. Interstate Highways use a numbering scheme in which primary Interstates are assigned one- or two-digit numbers and shorter routes are assigned three-digit numbers where the last two digits match the parent route. The Interstate Highway System is partially financed through the Highway Trust Fund, which itself is funded by a federal fuel tax. Though federal legislation initially banned the collection of tolls, some Interstate routes are toll roads. As of 2016, about one-quarter of all vehicle miles driven in the country used the Interstate Highway System, 3] which had a total length of 48, 191 miles (77, 556 km. 2] Several future routes are in development. History [ edit] Planning [ edit] The United States government's efforts to construct a national network of highways began on an ad hoc basis with the passage of the Federal Aid Road Act of 1916, which provided for 75 million over a five-year period for matching funds to the states for the construction and improvement of highways. [4] The nation's revenue needs associated with World War I prevented any significant implementation of this policy, which expired in 1921. In December 1918, E. J. Mehren, a civil engineer and the editor of Engineering News-Record, presented his "A Suggested National Highway Policy and Plan" 5] during a gathering of the State Highway Officials and Highway Industries Association at the Congress Hotel in Chicago. [6] In the plan, Mehren proposed a 50, 000-mile (80, 000 km) system, consisting of five east–west routes and 10 north–south routes. The system would include two percent of all roads and would pass through every state at a cost of 25, 000 per mile (16, 000/km) providing commercial as well as military transport benefits. [5] As the landmark 1916 law expired, new legislation was passed—the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1921 (Phipps Act. This new road construction initiative once again provided for federal matching funds for road construction and improvement, 75 million allocated annually. [7] Moreover, this new legislation for the first time sought to target these funds to the construction of a national road grid of interconnected "primary highways" setting up cooperation among the various state highway planning boards. [7] The Bureau of Public Roads asked the Army to provide a list of roads that it considered necessary for national defense. [8] In 1922, General John J. Pershing, former head of the American Expeditionary Force in Europe during the war, complied by submitting a detailed network of 20, 000 miles (32, 000 km) of interconnected primary highways—the so-called Pershing Map. [9] A rural stretch of I-5 in California; two lanes in each direction are separated by a large grassy median and cross-traffic is limited to overpasses and underpasses A boom in road construction followed throughout the decade of the 1920s, with such projects as the New York parkway system constructed as part of a new national highway system. As automobile traffic increased, planners saw a need for such an interconnected national system to supplement the existing, largely non-freeway, United States Numbered Highways system. By the late 1930s, planning had expanded to a system of new superhighways. In 1938, President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave Thomas MacDonald, chief at the Bureau of Public Roads, a hand-drawn map of the United States marked with eight superhighway corridors for study. [10] In 1939, Bureau of Public Roads Division of Information chief Herbert S. Fairbank wrote a report called Toll Roads and Free Roads, the first formal description of what became the Interstate Highway System" and, in 1944, the similarly themed Interregional Highways. [11] Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 [ edit] The Interstate Highway System gained a champion in President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who was influenced by his experiences as a young Army officer crossing the country in the 1919 Army Convoy on the Lincoln Highway, the first road across America. Eisenhower gained an appreciation of the Reichsautobahn system, the first "national" implementation of modern Germany 's Autobahn network, as a necessary component of a national defense system while he was serving as Supreme Commander of Allied Forces in Europe during World War II. [12] In 1954, Eisenhower appointed General Lucius D. Clay to head a committee charged with proposing an interstate highway system plan. [13] Summing up motivations for the construction of such a system, Clay stated, It was evident we needed better highways. We needed them for safety, to accommodate more automobiles. We needed them for defense purposes, if that should ever be necessary. And we needed them for the economy. Not just as a public works measure, but for future growth. [14] Clay's committee proposed a 10-year, 100 billion program, which would build 40, 000 miles (64, 000 km) of divided highways linking all American cities with a population of greater than 50, 000. Eisenhower initially preferred a system consisting of toll roads, but Clay convinced Eisenhower that toll roads were not feasible outside of the highly populated coastal regions. In February 1955, Eisenhower forwarded Clay's proposal to Congress. The bill quickly won approval in the Senate, but House Democrats objected to the use of public bonds as the means to finance construction. Eisenhower and the House Democrats agreed to instead finance the system through the Highway Trust Fund, which itself would be funded by a gasoline tax. [15] In June 1956, Eisenhower signed the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 into law. Under the act, the federal government would pay for 90 percent of the cost of construction of Interstate Highways. Each Interstate Highway was required to be a controlled-access highway with at least four lanes and no at-grade crossings. [16] The publication in 1955 of the General Location of National System of Interstate Highways, informally known as the Yellow Book, mapped out what became the Interstate Highway System. [17] Assisting in the planning was Charles Erwin Wilson, who was still head of General Motors when President Eisenhower selected him as Secretary of Defense in January 1953. Construction [ edit] 1955 map: The planned status of U. S Highways in 1965, as a result of the developing Interstate Highway System I‑55 under construction in Mississippi, photo from May 1972 Some sections of highways that became part of the Interstate Highway System actually began construction earlier. Three states have claimed the title of first Interstate Highway. Missouri claims that the first three contracts under the new program were signed in Missouri on August 2, 1956. The first contract signed was for upgrading a section of US Route 66 to what is now designated Interstate 44. [18] On August 13, 1956, work began on US 40 (now I-70) in St. Charles County. [19] 18] Kansas claims that it was the first to start paving after the act was signed. Preliminary construction had taken place before the act was signed, and paving started September 26, 1956. The state marked its portion of I-70 as the first project in the United States completed under the provisions of the new Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956. [18] The Pennsylvania Turnpike could also be considered one of the first Interstate Highways, and is nicknamed "Grandfather of the Interstate System. 19] On October 1, 1940, 162 miles (261 km) of the highway now designated I‑70 and I‑76 opened between Irwin and Carlisle. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania refers to the turnpike as the Granddaddy of the Pikes. [18] Milestones in the construction of the Interstate Highway System include: October 17, 1974: Nebraska becomes the first state to complete all of its mainline Interstate Highways with the dedication of its final piece of I-80. [20] October 12, 1979: The final section of the Canada to Mexico freeway Interstate 5 is dedicated near Stockton, California. Representatives of the two neighboring nations attended the dedication to commemorate the first contiguous freeway connecting the North American countries. [21] August 22, 1986: The final section of the coast-to-coast I-80 ( San Francisco, California, to Teaneck, New Jersey) is dedicated on the western edge of Salt Lake City, Utah, making I-80 the world's first contiguous freeway to span from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean and, at the time, the longest contiguous freeway in the world. The section spanned from Redwood Road to just west of the Salt Lake City International Airport. At the dedication it was noted that coincidentally this was only 50 miles (80 km) from Promontory Summit, where a similar feat was accomplished 120 years prior, the laying of the golden spike of the United States' First Transcontinental Railroad. [22] 23] 24] August 10, 1990: The final section of coast-to-coast I-10 ( Santa Monica, California, to Jacksonville, Florida) is dedicated, the Papago Freeway Tunnel under downtown Phoenix, Arizona. Completion of this section was delayed due to a freeway revolt that forced the cancellation of an originally planned elevated routing. [25] September 12, 1991: I-90 becomes the final coast-to-coast Interstate Highway ( Seattle, Washington to Boston, Massachusetts) to be completed with the dedication of an elevated viaduct bypassing Wallace, Idaho. This section was delayed after residents forced the cancellation of the originally planned at-grade alignment that would have demolished much of downtown Wallace. The residents accomplished this feat by arranging for most of the downtown area to be declared a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places; this succeeded in blocking the path of the original alignment. After the dedication residents held a mock funeral celebrating the removal of the last stoplight on a transcontinental Interstate Highway. [25] 26] October 14, 1992: The original Interstate Highway System is proclaimed to be complete with the opening of I-70 through Glenwood Canyon in Colorado. This section is considered an engineering marvel with a 12-mile (19 km) span featuring 40 bridges and numerous tunnels and is one of the most expensive rural highways per mile built in the United States. [27] 28] Although this was claimed the final section of Interstate Highway to open, at the time this section was dedicated there were still missing interchanges elsewhere in the system, making some Interstate Highways not contiguous. The initial cost estimate for the system was 25 billion over 12 years; it ended up costing 114 billion (equivalent to 425 billion in 2006 [29] or 521 billion in 2018 [30] and took 35 years. [31] 1992–present [ edit] Discontinuities [ edit] Commemorative sign introduced in 1993. The system was established during Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidency, and the five stars commemorate his rank as General of the Army during World War II. The system was proclaimed complete in 1992, but two of the original Interstates— I-95 and I-70 —were not continuous: both of these discontinuities were due to local opposition, which blocked efforts to build the necessary connections to fully complete the system. I-95 was made a continuous freeway in 2018, 32] and thus I-70 remains the only original Interstate with a discontinuity. I-95 was discontinuous in New Jersey because of the cancellation of the Somerset Freeway. This situation was remedied when the construction of the Pennsylvania Turnpike/Interstate 95 Interchange Project started in 2010 [33] and partially opened on September 22, 2018, which was already enough to fill the gap. [32] However, I-70 remains discontinuous in Pennsylvania, because of the lack of a direct interchange with the Pennsylvania Turnpike at the eastern end of the concurrency near Breezewood. Traveling in either direction, I-70 traffic must exit the freeway and use a short stretch of US-30 (which includes a number of roadside services) to rejoin I-70. The interchange was not originally built because of a legacy federal funding rule, since relaxed, which restricted the use of federal funds to improve roads financed with tolls. [34] Solutions have been proposed to eliminate the discontinuity, but they have been blocked by local opposition, fearing a loss of business. [35] Expansion [ edit] The Interstate Highway System has been expanded numerous times. The expansions have both created new designations and extended existing designations. For example, I-49, added to the system in the 1980s as a freeway in Louisiana, was designated as an expansion corridor, and FHWA approved the expanded route north from Lafayette, to Kansas City, Missouri. The freeway exists today as separate completed segments, with segments under construction or in the planning phase between them. [36] In 1966, the FHWA designated the entire Interstate Highway System as part of the larger Pan-American Highway System, 37] and at least two proposed Interstate expansions were initiated to help trade with Canada and Mexico spurred by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA. Long-term plans for I-69, which currently exists in several separate completed segments (the largest of which are in Indiana and Texas) is to have the highway route extend from Tamaulipas, Mexico to Ontario, Canada. The planned I-11 will then bridge the Interstate gap between Phoenix, Arizona and Las Vegas, Nevada, and thus form part of the CANAMEX Corridor (along with I-19, and portions of I-10 and I-15) between Sonora, Mexico and Alberta, Canada. Urban Interstates abandoned because of local opposition [ edit] Political opposition from residents canceled many freeway projects around the United States, including: I-40 in Memphis, Tennessee was rerouted and part of the original I-40 is still in use as the eastern half of Sam Cooper Boulevard. [38] I-66 in the District of Columbia was abandoned in 1977. I-69 was to continue past its terminus at Interstate 465 to intersect with Interstate 70 and Interstate 65 at the north split, northeast of downtown Indianapolis. Though local opposition led to the cancellation of this project in 1981, bridges and ramps for the connection into the "north split" remain visible. I-70 in Baltimore was supposed to run from the Baltimore Beltway ( Interstate 695) which surrounds the city to terminate at I-95, the East Coast thoroughfare that runs through Maryland and Baltimore on a diagonal course, northeast to southwest; the connection was cancelled on the mid-1970s due to its routing through Gwynns Falls-Leakin Park, a wilderness urban park reserve following the Gwynns Falls stream through West Baltimore. This included the cancellation of I-170, partially built and in use as U. Route 40, and nicknamed the Highway to Nowhere. I-78 in New York City was canceled along with portions with I-278, I-478, and I-878. I-878 was supposed to be part of I-78, and I-478 and I-278 were to be spur routes. I-80 in San Francisco was originally planned to travel past the city's Civic Center along the Panhandle Freeway into Golden Gate Park and terminate at the original alignment of I-280 / SR 1. The city canceled this and several other freeways in 1958. Similarly, more than 20 years later, Sacramento canceled plans to upgrade I-80 to Interstate Standards and rerouted the freeway on what was then I-880 that traveled north of Downtown Sacramento. I-83, southern extension of the Jones Falls Expressway (southern I-83) in Baltimore was supposed run along the waterfront of the Patapsco River / Baltimore Harbor to connect to I-95, bisecting historic neighborhoods of Fells Point and Canton, but the connection was never built. I-95 through the District of Columbia into Maryland was abandoned in 1977. Instead it was rerouted to I-495 (Capital Beltway. The completed section is now I-395. I-95 was originally planned to run up the Southwest Expressway and meet I-93, where the two highways would travel along the Central Artery through downtown Boston, but was rerouted onto the Route 128 beltway due to widespread opposition. This revolt also included the cancellation of the Inner Belt, connecting I-93 to I-90 and a cancelled section of the Northwest Expressway which would have carried Route 3 inside the Route 128 beltway, meeting with Route 2 in Cambridge. Standards [ edit] The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) has defined a set of standards that all new Interstates must meet unless a waiver from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is obtained. One almost absolute standard is the controlled access nature of the roads. With few exceptions, traffic lights (and cross traffic in general) are limited to toll booths and ramp meters (metered flow control for lane merging during rush hour. Speed limits [ edit] Being freeways, Interstate Highways usually have the highest speed limits in a given area. Speed limits are determined by individual states. From 1974 to 1986, the maximum speed limit on any highway in the United States was 55 miles per hour (90 km/h) in accordance with federal law. [39] Typically, lower limits are established in Northeastern and coastal states, while higher speed limits are established in inland states west of the Mississippi River. [40] For example, the maximum speed limit is 75 mph (120 km/h) in northern Maine, varies between 50 and 70 mph (80 and 115 km/h) 41] from southern Maine to New Jersey, and is 50 mph (80 km/h) in New York City and the District of Columbia. [40] Currently, rural speed limits elsewhere generally range from 65 to 80 miles per hour (105 to 130 km/h. Several portions of various highways such as I-10 and I-20 in rural western Texas, I-80 in Nevada between Fernley and Winnemucca (except around Lovelock) and portions of I-15, I-70, I-80, and I-84 in Utah have a speed limit of 80 mph (130 km/h. Other Interstates in Idaho, Montana, South Dakota and Wyoming also have the same high speed limits. In some areas, speed limits on Interstates can be significantly lower in areas where they traverse significantly hazardous areas. The maximum speed limit on I-90 is 50 mph (80 km/h) in downtown Cleveland because of two sharp curves with a suggested limit of 35 mph (55 km/h) in a heavily congested area; I-70 through Wheeling, West Virginia, has a maximum speed limit of 45 mph (70 km/h) through the Wheeling Tunnel and most of downtown Wheeling; and I-68 has a maximum speed limit of 40 mph (65 km/h) through Cumberland, Maryland, because of multiple hazards including sharp curves and narrow lanes through the city. In some locations, low speed limits are the result of lawsuits and resident demands; after holding up the completion of I-35E in St. Paul, Minnesota, for nearly 30 years in the courts, residents along the stretch of the freeway from the southern city limit to downtown successfully lobbied for a 45 mph (70 km/h) speed limit in addition to a prohibition on any vehicle weighing more than 9, 000 pounds (4, 100 kg) gross vehicle weight. I-93 in Franconia Notch State Park in northern New Hampshire has a speed limit of 45 mph (70 km/h) because it is a parkway that consists of only one lane per side of the highway. On the other hand, Interstates 15, 80 and 84 in Utah have speed limits as high as 70 mph (115 km/h) within the Salt Lake City, Cedar City, and St. George areas, and I-25 in New Mexico within the Santa Fe and Las Vegas areas along with I-20 in Texas along Odessa and Midland and I-29 in North Dakota along the Grand Forks area have higher speed limits of 75 mph (120 km/h. Other uses [ edit] As one of the components of the National Highway System, Interstate Highways improve the mobility of military troops to and from airports, seaports, rail terminals, and other military bases. Interstate Highways also connect to other roads that are a part of the Strategic Highway Network, a system of roads identified as critical to the U. Department of Defense. [42] The system has also been used to facilitate evacuations in the face of hurricanes and other natural disasters. An option for maximizing traffic throughput on a highway is to reverse the flow of traffic on one side of a divider so that all lanes become outbound lanes. This procedure, known as contraflow lane reversal, has been employed several times for hurricane evacuations. After public outcry regarding the inefficiency of evacuating from southern Louisiana prior to Hurricane Georges ' landfall in September 1998, government officials looked towards contraflow to improve evacuation times. In Savannah, Georgia, and Charleston, South Carolina, in 1999, lanes of I-16 and I-26 were used in a contraflow configuration in anticipation of Hurricane Floyd with mixed results. [43] In 2004 contraflow was employed ahead of Hurricane Charley in the Tampa, Florida area and on the Gulf Coast before the landfall of Hurricane Ivan; 44] however, evacuation times there were no better than previous evacuation operations. Engineers began to apply lessons learned from the analysis of prior contraflow operations, including limiting exits, removing troopers (to keep traffic flowing instead of having drivers stop for directions) and improving the dissemination of public information. As a result, the 2005 evacuation of New Orleans, Louisiana, prior to Hurricane Katrina ran much more smoothly. [45] According to urban legend, early regulations required that one out of every five miles of the Interstate Highway System must be built straight and flat, so as to be usable by aircraft during times of war. There is no evidence of this rule being included in any Interstate legislation. [46] 47] Numbering system [ edit] Primary (one- and two-digit) Interstates [ edit] Odd numbers run north–south with numbers increasing from west to east, while even numbers run east–west with numbers increasing from south to north. The numbering scheme for the Interstate Highway System was developed in 1957 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO. The association's present numbering policy dates back to August 10, 1973. [48] Within the contiguous United States, primary Interstates—also called main line Interstates or two-digit Interstates—are assigned numbers less than 100. [48] While numerous exceptions do exist, there is a general scheme for numbering Interstates. Primary Interstates are assigned one- or two-digit numbers, while shorter routes (such as spurs, loops, and short connecting roads) are assigned three-digit numbers where the last two digits match the parent route (thus, I-294 is a loop that connects at both ends to I-94, while I-787 is a short spur route attached to I-87. In the numbering scheme for the primary routes, east–west highways are assigned even numbers and north–south highways are assigned odd numbers. Odd route numbers increase from west to east, and even-numbered routes increase from south to north (to avoid confusion with the U. Highways, which increase from east to west and north to south. 49] This numbering system usually holds true even if the local direction of the route does not match the compass directions. Numbers divisible by five are intended to be major arteries among the primary routes, carrying traffic long distances. [50] 51] Primary north–south Interstates increase in number from I-5 between Canada and Mexico along the West Coast to I‑95 between Canada and Miami, Florida along the East Coast. Major west–east arterial Interstates increase in number from I-10 between Santa Monica, California, and Jacksonville, Florida, to I-90 between Seattle, Washington, and Boston, Massachusetts, with two exceptions. There are no I-50 and I-60, as routes with those numbers would likely pass through states that currently have U. Highways with the same numbers, which is generally disallowed under highway administration guidelines. [48] 52] Several two-digit numbers are shared between road segments at opposite ends of the country for various reasons. Some such highways are incomplete Interstates (such as I-69 and I-74) and some just happen to share route designations (such as I-76, I-84, I‑86, I-87, and I-88. Some of these were due to a change in the numbering system as a result of a new policy adopted in 1973. Previously, letter-suffixed numbers were used for long spurs off primary routes; for example, western I‑84 was I‑80N, as it went north from I‑80. The new policy stated, No new divided numbers (such as I-35W and I-35E, etc. shall be adopted. The new policy also recommended that existing divided numbers be eliminated as quickly as possible; however, an I-35W and I-35E still exist in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex in Texas, and an I-35W and I-35E that run through Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota, still exist. [48] Additionally, due to Congressional requirements, three sections of I-69 in southern Texas will be divided into I-69W, I-69E, and I-69C (for Central. 53] AASHTO policy allows dual numbering to provide continuity between major control points. [48] This is referred to as a concurrency or overlap. For example, I‑75 and I‑85 share the same roadway in Atlanta; this 7. 4-mile (11. 9 km) section, called the Downtown Connector, is labeled both I‑75 and I‑85. Concurrencies between Interstate and U. Route numbers are also allowed in accordance with AASHTO policy, as long as the length of the concurrency is reasonable. [48] In rare instances, two highway designations sharing the same roadway are signed as traveling in opposite directions; one such wrong-way concurrency is found between Wytheville and Fort Chiswell, Virginia, where I‑81 north and I‑77 south are equivalent (with that section of road traveling almost due east) as are I‑81 south and I‑77 north. Auxiliary (three-digit) Interstates [ edit] Examples of the auxiliary Interstate Highway numbering system. An odd hundreds digit means the route connects at only one end to the rest of the interstate system, known as a "spur route. An even hundreds digit means the route connects at both ends, which could be a loop route (which has two termini) or a radial route (known also as a beltway, beltline, or circumferential route. Auxiliary Interstate Highways are circumferential, radial, or spur highways that principally serve urban areas. These types of Interstate Highways are given three-digit route numbers, which consist of a single digit prefixed to the two-digit number of its parent Interstate Highway. Spur routes deviate from their parent and do not return; these are given an odd first digit. Circumferential and radial loop routes return to the parent, and are given an even first digit. Unlike primary Interstates, three-digit Interstates are signed as either east–west or north–south, depending on the general orientation of the route, without regard to the route number. For instance, I-190 in Massachusetts is labeled north–south, while I-195 in New Jersey is labeled east–west. Some looped Interstate routes use inner–outer directions instead of compass directions, when the use of compass directions would create ambiguity. Due to the large number of these routes, auxiliary route numbers may be repeated in different states along the mainline. [54] Some auxiliary highways do not follow these guidelines, however. Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico [ edit] Map of routes in Puerto Rico that receive funding from the Interstate program, but are not signed as Interstate Highways Map of routes in Alaska that receive funding from the Interstate program, but are not signed as Interstate Highways The Interstate Highway System also extends to Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico, even though they have no direct land connections to any other states or territories. However, their residents still pay federal fuel and tire taxes. The Interstates in Hawaii, all located on the most populous island of Oahu, carry the prefix H. There are three one-digit routes in the state ( H-1, H-2, and H-3) and one auxiliary route ( H-201. These Interstates connect several military and naval bases together, as well as the important cities and towns spread across Oahu, and especially the metropolis of Honolulu. Both Alaska and Puerto Rico also have public highways that receive 90 percent of their funding from the Interstate Highway program. The Interstates of Alaska and Puerto Rico are numbered sequentially in order of funding without regard to the rules on odd and even numbers. They also carry the prefixes A and PR, respectively. However, these highways are signed according to their local designations, not their Interstate Highway numbers. Furthermore, these routes were neither planned according to nor constructed to the official Interstate Highway standards. [55] Mile markers and exit numbers [ edit] On one- or two-digit Interstates, the mile marker numbering almost always begins at the southern or western state line. If an Interstate originates within a state, the numbering begins from the location where the road begins in the south or west. As with all guidelines for Interstate routes, however, numerous exceptions exist. Three-digit Interstates with an even first number that form a complete circumferential (circle) bypass around a city feature mile markers that are numbered in a clockwise direction, beginning just west of an Interstate that bisects the circumferential route near a south polar location. In other words, mile marker 1 on I-465, a 53-mile (85 km) route around Indianapolis, is just west of its junction with I-65 on the south side of Indianapolis (on the south leg of I-465) and mile marker 53 is just east of this same junction. An exception is I-495 in the Washington metropolitan area, with mileposts increasing counterclockwise because part of that road is also part of I-95. The exit numbers of interchanges are either sequential or distance-based so that the exit number is the same as the nearest mile marker. Under the latter system, a single mile with multiple exits may be assigned letter suffixes, for example on I‑890 in New York. [56] Business routes [ edit] Markers for Business Loop Interstate 80 (left) and Business Spur Interstate 80 (right) AASHTO defines a category of special routes separate from primary and auxiliary Interstate designations. These routes do not have to comply to Interstate construction or limited-access standards but are routes that may be identified and approved by the association. The same route marking policy applies to both US Numbered Highways and Interstate Highways; however, business route designations are sometimes used for Interstate Highways. [57] Known as Business Loops and Business Spurs, these routes principally travel through the corporate limits of a city, passing through the central business district when the regular route is directed around the city. They also use a green shield instead of the red and blue shield. [57] Financing [ edit] Interstate Highways and their rights-of-way are owned by the state in which they were built. The last federally owned portion of the Interstate System was the Woodrow Wilson Bridge on the Washington Capital Beltway. The new bridge was completed in 2009 and is collectively owned by Virginia and Maryland. [58] Maintenance is generally the responsibility of the state department of transportation. However, there are some segments of Interstate owned and maintained by local authorities. About 70 percent of the construction and maintenance costs of Interstate Highways in the United States have been paid through user fees, primarily the fuel taxes collected by the federal, state, and local governments. To a much lesser extent they have been paid for by tolls collected on toll highways and bridges. The federal gasoline tax was first imposed in 1932 at one cent per gallon; during the Eisenhower administration, the Highway Trust Fund, established by the Highway Revenue Act in 1956, prescribed a three-cent-per-gallon fuel tax, soon increased to 4. 5 cents per gallon. Since 1993 the tax has remained at 18. 4 cents per gallon. [59] Other excise taxes related to highway travel also accumulated in the Highway Trust Fund. [59] Initially, that fund was sufficient for the federal portion of building the Interstate system, built in the early years with “10 cent dollars”, from the perspective of the states, as the federal government paid 90% of the costs while the state paid 10. The system grew more rapidly than the rate of the taxes on fuel and other aspects of driving (e. g., excise tax on tires. The rest of the costs of these highways are borne by general fund receipts, bond issues, designated property taxes, and other taxes. The federal contribution comes overwhelmingly from motor vehicle and fuel taxes (93. 5 percent in 2007) as does about 60 percent of the state contribution. However, any local government contributions are overwhelmingly from sources besides user fees. [60] As decades passed in the 20th century and into the 21st century, the portion of the user fees spent on highways themselves covers about 57 percent of their costs, with about one-sixth of the user fees being sent to other programs, including the mass transit systems in large cities. Some large sections of Interstate Highways that were planned or constructed before 1956 are still operated as toll roads. Others have had their construction bonds paid off and they have become toll-free, such as in Connecticut (I‑95) Maryland (I‑95) Virginia (I‑95) and Kentucky (I‑65. A view of I-75 in Atlanta, Georgia, featuring HOV lanes running alongside the median As American suburbs have expanded, the costs incurred in maintaining freeway infrastructure have also grown, leaving little in the way of funds for new Interstate construction. [61] This has led to the proliferation of toll roads (turnpikes) as the new method of building limited-access highways in suburban areas. Some Interstates are privately maintained (for example, the VMS company maintains I‑35 in Texas) 62] to meet rising costs of maintenance and allow state departments of transportation to focus on serving the fastest-growing regions in their states. Parts of the Interstate System might have to be tolled in the future to meet maintenance and expansion demands, as has been done with adding toll HOV / HOT lanes in cities such as Atlanta, Dallas, and Los Angeles. Although part of the tolling is an effect of the SAFETEA‑LU act, which has put an emphasis on toll roads as a means to reduce congestion, 63] 64] present federal law does not allow for a state to change a freeway section to a tolled section for all traffic. citation needed] Toll Interstate Highways [ edit] An I-376 trailblazer with the new black-on-yellow "Toll" sign About 2, 900 miles (4, 700 km) of toll roads are included in the Interstate Highway System. [65] While federal legislation initially banned the collection of tolls on Interstates, many of the toll roads on the system were either completed or under construction when the Interstate Highway System was established. Since these highways provided logical connections to other parts of the system, they were designated as Interstate highways. Congress also decided that it was too costly to either build toll-free Interstates parallel to these toll roads, or directly repay all the bondholders who financed these facilities and remove the tolls. Thus, these toll roads were grandfathered into the Interstate Highway System. [66] Toll roads designated as Interstates (such as the Massachusetts Turnpike) were typically allowed to continue collecting tolls, but are generally ineligible to receive federal funds for maintenance and improvements. Some toll roads that did receive federal funds to finance emergency repairs (notably the Connecticut Turnpike (I-95) following the Mianus River Bridge collapse) were required to remove tolls as soon as the highway's construction bonds were paid off. In addition, these toll facilities were grandfathered from Interstate Highway standards. A notable example is the western approach to the Benjamin Franklin Bridge in Philadelphia, where I-676 has a surface street section through a historic area. Policies on toll facilities and Interstate Highways have since changed. The Federal Highway Administration has allowed some states to collect tolls on existing Interstate Highways, while a recent extension of I-376 included a section of Pennsylvania Route 60 that was tolled by the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission before receiving Interstate designation. Also, newer toll facilities (like the tolled section of I-376, which was built in the early 1990s) must conform to Interstate standards. A new addition of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices in 2009 requires a black-on-yellow "Toll" sign to be placed above the Interstate trailblazer on Interstate Highways that collect tolls. [67] Legislation passed in 2005 known as SAFETEA-LU, encouraged states to construct new Interstate Highways through "innovative financing" methods. SAFETEA-LU facilitated states to pursue innovative financing by easing the restrictions on building interstates as toll roads, either through state agencies or through public–private partnerships. However, SAFETEA-LU left in place a prohibition of installing tolls on existing toll-free Interstates, and states wishing to toll such routes to finance upgrades and repairs must first seek approval from Congress. Chargeable and non-chargeable Interstate routes [ edit] Interstate Highways financed with federal funds are known as "chargeable" Interstate routes, and are considered part of the 42, 000-mile (68, 000 km) network of highways. Federal laws also allow "non-chargeable" Interstate routes, highways funded similarly to state and U. Highways to be signed as Interstates, if they both meet the Interstate Highway standards and are logical additions or connections to the system. [68] 69] These additions fall under two categories: routes that already meet Interstate standards, and routes not yet upgraded to Interstate standards. Only routes that meet Interstate standards may be signed as Interstates once their proposed number is approved. [55] Signage [ edit] Interstate shield [ edit] Several Interstate shield design proposals submitted by the Texas Highway Department Interstate Highways are signed by a number placed on a red, white, and blue sign. The shield design itself is a registered trademark of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. [70] The colors red, white, and blue were chosen because they are the colors of the American flag. In the original design, the name of the state was displayed above the highway number, but in many states, this area is now left blank, allowing for the printing of larger and more-legible digits. The sign usually measures 36 inches (91 cm) high, and is 36 inches (91 cm) wide for two-digit Interstates or 45 inches (110 cm) for three-digit Interstates. [71] Interstate business loops and spurs use a special shield in which the red and blue are replaced with green, the word "BUSINESS" appears instead of "INTERSTATE" and the word "SPUR" or "LOOP" usually appears above the number. [71] The green shield is employed to mark the main route through a city's central business district, which intersects the associated Interstate at one (spur) or both (loop) ends of the business route. The route usually traverses the main thoroughfare(s) of the city's downtown area or other major business district. [72] A city may have more than one Interstate-derived business route, depending on the number of Interstates passing through a city and the number of significant business districts therein. [73] Over time, the design of the Interstate shield has changed. In 1957 the Interstate shield designed by Texas Highway Department employee Richard Oliver was introduced, the winner of a contest that included 100 entries; 74] 75] at the time, the shield color was a dark navy blue and only 17 inches (43 cm) wide. [76] The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) standards revised the shield in the 1961, 77] 1971, 78] and 1978 [79] editions. Exit numbering [ edit] The majority of Interstates have exit numbers. All traffic signs and lane markings on the Interstates are supposed to be designed in compliance with the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD. There are, however, many local and regional variations in signage. For many years, California was the only state that did not use an exit numbering system. It was granted an exemption in the 1950s due to having an already largely completed and signed highway system; placing exit number signage across the state was deemed too expensive. To control costs, California began to incorporate exit numbers on its freeways in 2002—Interstate, U. S., and state routes alike. Caltrans commonly installs exit number signage only when a freeway or interchange is built, reconstructed, retrofitted, or repaired, and it is usually tacked onto the top-right corner of an already existing sign. Newer signs along the freeways follow this practice as well. Most exits along California's Interstates now have exit number signage, particularly in rural areas. California, however, still does not use mileposts, although a few exist for experiments or for special purposes. [80] Exit numbers correspond to Interstate mileage markers in most states. On I‑19 in Arizona, however, length is measured in kilometers instead of miles because, at the time of construction, a push for the United States to change to a metric system of measurement had gained enough traction that it was mistakenly assumed that all highway measurements would eventually be changed to metric; 81] proximity to metric-using Mexico may also have been a factor, as I‑19 indirectly connects I‑10 to the Mexican Federal Highway system via surface streets in Nogales. Mileage count increases from west to east on most even-numbered Interstates; on odd-numbered Interstates mileage count increases from south to north. Some highways, including the New York State Thruway, use sequential exit-numbering schemes. Exits on the New York State Thruway count up from Yonkers traveling north, and then west from Albany. In 2010–2011, the Illinois State Toll Highway Authority posted all new mile markers to be uniform with the rest of the state on I‑90 (Jane Addams Memorial/Northwest Tollway) and the I‑94 section of the Tri‑State Tollway, which previously had matched the I‑294 section starting in the south at I‑80/I‑94/IL Route 394. The tollway also added exit number tabs to the exits. citation needed] Many northeastern states label exit numbers sequentially, regardless of how many miles have passed between exits. States in which Interstate exits are still numbered sequentially are Connecticut, Delaware, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont; as such, five of the main Interstate Highways that remain completely within these states ( 87, 88, 89, 91, and 93) have interchanges numbered sequentially along their entire routes. Maine, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Georgia, and Florida followed this system for a number of years, but since converted to mileage-based exit numbers. Georgia renumbered in 2000, while Maine did so in 2004. The Pennsylvania Turnpike uses both mile marker numbers and sequential numbers. Mile marker numbers are used for signage, while sequential numbers are used for numbering interchanges internally. The New Jersey Turnpike, including the portions that are signed as I‑95 and I‑78, also has sequential numbering, but other Interstates within New Jersey use mile markers. I‑87 in New York State is numbered in three sections. The first section makes up the Major Deegan Expressway in the Bronx, with interchanges numbered sequentially from 1 to 14. The second section of I‑87 is a part of the New York State Thruway that starts in Yonkers (exit 1) and continues north to Albany (exit 24) at Albany, the Thruway turns west and becomes I‑90 for exits 25 to 61. From Albany north to the Canadian border, the exits on I‑87 are numbered sequentially from 1 to 44 along the Adirondack Northway. This often leads to confusion as there is more than one exit on I‑87 with the same number. For example, exit 4 on Thruway section of I‑87 connects with the Cross County Parkway in Yonkers, but exit 4 on the Northway is the exit for the Albany airport. These two exits share a number but are located 150 miles (240 km) apart. Sign locations [ edit] There are four common signage methods on Interstates: Locating a sign on the ground to the side of the highway, mostly the right, and is used to denote exits, as well as rest areas, motorist services such as gas and lodging, recreational sites, and freeway names Attaching the sign to an overpass Mounting on full gantries that bridge the entire width of the highway and often show two or more signs Mounting on half-gantries that are located on one side of the highway, like a ground-mounted sign Statistics [ edit] Volume [ edit] Heaviest traveled: 374, 000 vehicles per day: I-405 in Los Angeles, California (2008 estimate [82. Elevation [ edit] Highest: 11, 158 feet (3, 401 m) I-70 in the Eisenhower Tunnel at the Continental Divide in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. [83] Lowest (land) −52 feet (−16 m) I-8 at the New River near Seeley, California. [83] Lowest (underwater) −103 feet (−31 m) I-95 in the Fort McHenry Tunnel under the Baltimore Inner Harbor. [84] Length [ edit] Longest (east–west) 3, 020. 54 miles (4, 861. 09 km) I-90 from Boston, Massachusetts, to Seattle, Washington. [85] 86] Longest (north–south) 1, 908 mi (3, 071 km) I-95 from the Canadian border near Houlton, Maine, to Miami, Florida. [85] 32] Shortest (two-digit) 1. 69 mi (2. 72 km) I-69W in Laredo, Texas. [87] Longest segment between state lines: 881 mi (1, 418 km) I-10 in Texas from the New Mexico state line near El Paso to the Louisiana state line near Orange, Texas. [88] Shortest segment between state lines: 453 ft (138 m) Interstate 95 / I-495 (Capital Beltway) on the Woodrow Wilson Bridge across the Potomac River where they briefly cross the southernmost tip of the District of Columbia between its borders with Maryland and Virginia. [86] Longest concurrency: 278. 4 mi (448. 0 km) I-80 and I-90; Gary, Indiana, to Elyria, Ohio. [89] States [ edit] Most states served by an Interstate: 15 states plus the District of Columbia: I-95 through Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, DC, Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Maine. [85] Most Interstates in a state: 32 routes: New York, totaling 1, 750. 66 mi (2, 817. 41 km) 90] Most Interstate mileage in a state: 3, 233. 45 mi (5, 203. 73 km) Texas, in 17 different routes. [85] Impact and reception [ edit] Following the passage of the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956, the railroad system for passengers and freight declined sharply, but the trucking industry expanded dramatically and the cost of shipping and travel fell sharply. Suburbanization became possible, with the rapid growth of easily accessible, larger, cheaper housing than was available in central cities. Tourism dramatically expanded as well, creating a demand for more service stations, motels, restaurants and visitor attractions. There was much more long-distance movement to the Sunbelt for winter vacations, or for permanent relocation, with convenient access to visits to relatives back home. In rural areas, towns and small cities off the grid lost out as shoppers followed the interstate and new factories were located near them. [91] The system had a particularly strong effect in the Southern United States, as most Southern states had not previously been able to afford the construction of major highways. The construction of the Interstate Highway System facilitated the relocation of heavy manufacturing to the South and spurred the development of Southern-based corporations like Walmart and FedEx. [92] The Interstate Highway System has been criticized for contributing to the decline of some cities and for destroying predominantly African-American neighborhoods in urban centers. [93] Other critics have blamed the Interstate Highway System for the decline of public transportation in the United States since the 1950s. [94] See also [ edit] Highway systems by country List of controlled-access highway systems Non-motorized access on freeways Notes [ edit] References [ edit] Weingroff, Richard F. (Summer 1996. Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, Creating the Interstate System. Public Roads. Vol. 60 no. 1. ISSN   0033-3735. Archived from the original on March 7, 2012. Retrieved March 16, 2012. ^ a b Office of Highway Policy Information (September 18, 2017. Table HM-20: Public Road Length, 2016, Miles By Functional System (Report. Federal Highway Administration. Archived from the original on May 12, 2018. Retrieved May 11, 2018. ^ Office of Highway Policy Information (December 2017. Table VM-1: Annual Vehicle Distance Traveled in Miles and Related Data, 2016, by Highway Category and Vehicle Type (Report. Retrieved May 11, 2018. ^ Schwantes, Carlos Arnaldo (2003. Going Places: Transportation Redefines the Twentieth-Century West. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 142. ISBN   9780253342027. ^ a b Mehren, E. (December 19, 1918. A Suggested National Highway Policy and Plan. Engineering News-Record. Vol. 81 no. 25. pp. 1112–1117. ISSN   0891-9526. Retrieved August 17, 2015 – via Google Books. ^ Weingroff, Richard (October 15, 2013. Clearly Vicious as a Matter of Policy' The Fight Against Federal-Aid. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved August 17, 2015. ^ a b Schwantes (2003) p. 152. ^ McNichol, Dan (2006a. The Roads That Built America: The Incredible Story of the U. Interstate System. New York: Sterling. p. 87. ISBN   978-1-4027-3468-7. ^ Schwantes (2003) p. 153. ^ McNichol (2006a) p. 78. ^ Weingroff, Richard F. "The Federal-State Partnership at Work: The Concept Man. Archived from the original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved March 16, 2012. ^ Petroski, Henry (2006. On the Road. American Scientist. Vol. 94 no. 5. pp. 396–369. doi: 10. 1511/2006. 61. 396. ISSN   0003-0996. ^ Smith, Jean Edward (2012. Eisenhower in War and Peace. Random House. p. 652. ISBN   978-1400066933. ^ Smith (2012) pp. 652–653. ^ Smith (2012) pp. 651–654. ^ The Interstate Highway System. History. A&E Television Networks, LLC. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved May 10, 2019. ^ Norton, Peter (1996. Fighting Traffic: U. Transportation Policy and Urban Congestion, 1955–1970. Essays in History. Corcoran Department of History at the University of Virginia. Archived from the original on February 15, 2008. Retrieved January 17, 2008. ^ a b c d Weingroff, Richard F. "Three States Claim First Interstate Highway. Archived from the original on October 11, 2010. Retrieved February 16, 2008. ^ a b Sherrill, Cassandra (September 28, 2019. Facts and history of North Carolina Interstates. Winston-Salem Journal. Retrieved September 29, 2019. ^ Nebraska Department of Roads (n. d. I-80 50th Anniversary Page. Nebraska Department of Roads. Archived from the original on December 21, 2013. Retrieved August 23, 2009. ^ California Department of Transportation (n. "Timeline of Notable Events of the Interstate Highway System in California. California Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on March 6, 2014. Retrieved March 2, 2014. ^ America Celebrates 30th Anniversary of the Interstate System. U. Highways. Fall 1986. Archived from the original on October 24, 2011. Retrieved March 10, 2012. ^ Around the Nation: Transcontinental Road Completed in Utah. The New York Times. August 25, 1986. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved February 9, 2017. ^ Utah Transportation Commission (1983. Official Highway Map (Map. Scale not given. Salt Lake City: Utah Department of Transportation. Salt Lake City inset. ^ a b Weingroff, Richard F. (January 2006. The Year of the Interstate. Vol. 69 no. 4. Archived from the original on January 4, 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2012. ^ Idaho Transportation Department (May 31, 2006. Celebrating 50 years of Idaho's Interstates. Idaho Transportation Department. Archived from the original on February 24, 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2012. ^ Colorado Department of Transportation (n. "CDOT Fun Facts. Colorado Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on January 16, 2008. Retrieved February 15, 2008. ^ Stufflebeam Row, Karen; LaDow, Eva & Moler, Steve (March 2004. Glenwood Canyon 12 Years Later. Archived from the original on January 17, 2013. Retrieved May 11, 2008. ^ Neuharth, Al (June 22, 2006. Traveling Interstates is our Sixth Freedom. USA Today. Archived from the original on August 19, 2012. Retrieved May 9, 2012. ^ Thomas, Ryland; Williamson, Samuel H. (2019. What Was the U. GDP Then. MeasuringWorth. Retrieved April 6, 2019. United States Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the Measuring Worth series. ^ Minnesota Department of Transportation (2006. Mn/DOT Celebrates Interstate Highway System's 50th Anniversary. Minnesota Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on December 4, 2007. Retrieved January 17, 2008. ^ a b c Sofield, Tom (September 22, 2018. Decades in the Making, I-95, Turnpike Connector Opens to Motorists. Levittown Now. Retrieved September 22, 2018. ^ Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission (n. "Draft: Design Advisory Committee Meeting No. 2" PDF. I-95/I-276 Interchange Project Meeting Design Management Summary. Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 2, 2013. Retrieved May 11, 2008. ^ Federal Highway Administration (n. "Why Does The Interstate System Include Toll Facilities. Archived from the original on May 18, 2013. Retrieved July 15, 2009. ^ Tuna, Gary (July 27, 1989. Dawida seeks to merge I-70, turnpike at Breezewood. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Archived from the original on September 30, 2015. Retrieved November 19, 2015 – via Google News. ^ Missouri Department of Transportation (n. "Converting US Route 71 to I-49. Interstate I-49 Expansion Corridor in Southwest District of Missouri. Missouri Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on January 17, 2013. ^ New Mexico State Highway and Transportation Department (2007. State of New Mexico Memorial Designations and Dedications of Highways, Structures and Buildings (PDF. Santa Fe: New Mexico State Highway and Transportation Department. p. 14. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 16, 2011. ^ McNichol (2006a) pp. 159–160. ^ Nixon Approves Limit of 55 M. P. H. The New York Times. January 3, 1974. pp. 1, 24. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved July 27, 2008. ^ a b Carr, John (October 11, 2007. State traffic and speed laws. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Archived from the original on August 7, 2013. Retrieved January 10, 2008. ^ Koenig, Paul (May 27, 2014. Speed Limit on Much of I-295 Rises to 70 MPH. Portland Press Herald. Archived from the original on July 27, 2014. Retrieved July 22, 2014. ^ Slater, Rodney E. (Spring 1996. The National Highway System: A Commitment to America's Future. Vol. 59 no. 4. Archived from the original on December 16, 2014. Retrieved January 10, 2008. ^ Wolshon, Brian (August 2001. One-Way-Out" Contraflow Freeway Operation for Hurricane Evacuation" PDF. National Hazards Review. Vol. 2 no. 3. pp. 105–112. 1061/ ASCE)1527-6988(2001)2:3(105. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 6, 2008. Retrieved January 10, 2008. ^ Faquir, Tahira (March 30, 2006. Contraflow Implementation Experiences in the Southern Coastal States" PDF. Florida Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 25, 2007. Retrieved September 27, 2007. ^ McNichol, Dan (December 2006. Contra Productive. Roads & Bridges. Archived from the original on July 15, 2011. Retrieved January 10, 2008. ^ Mikkelson, Barbara (April 1, 2011. Interstate Highways as Airstrips. Snopes. Archived from the original on December 1, 2005. Retrieved March 15, 2017. ^ Weingroff, Richard F. (May–June 2000. One Mile in Five: Debunking the Myth. Vol. 63 no. 6. Archived from the original on December 12, 2010. Retrieved December 14, 2010. ^ a b c d e f American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (January 2000. Establishment of a Marking System of the Routes Comprising the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways" PDF. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 1, 2006. Retrieved January 23, 2008. ^ Fausset, Richard (November 13, 2001. Highway Numerology Muddled by Potholes in Logic. Los Angeles Times. p. B2. Archived from the original on April 2, 2009. Retrieved September 8, 2018. ^ McNichol (2006a) p. 172. ^ Weingroff, Richard F. (January 18, 2005. Was I-76 Numbered to Honor Philadelphia for Independence Day, 1776. Ask the Rambler. Archived from the original on July 3, 2013. Retrieved January 17, 2008. ^ Federal Highway Administration (n. "Interstate FAQ. Archived from the original on May 7, 2013. Retrieved June 26, 2009. Proposed I-41 in Wisconsin and partly completed I-74 in North Carolina respectively are possible and current exceptions not adhering to the guideline. It is not known if the U. Highways with the same numbers will be retained in the states upon completion of the Interstate routes. ^ Essex, Allen (May 2013. State Adds I-69 to Interstate System. The Brownsville Herald. Archived from the original on February 27, 2017. Retrieved July 17, 2013. ^ Federal Highway Administration (March 22, 2007. FHWA Route Log and Finder List. Archived from the original on June 5, 2013. Retrieved January 23, 2008. ^ a b DeSimone, Tony (March 22, 2007. FHWA Route Log and Finder List: Additional Designations. Archived from the original on August 5, 2014. Retrieved January 4, 2010. ^ Indiana Department of Transportation (n. "Understanding Interstate Route Numbering, Mile Markers & Exit Numbering. Indiana Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on May 15, 2013. Retrieved November 26, 2011. ^ a b American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (January 2000. Establishment and Development of United States Numbered Highways" PDF. Retrieved January 23, 2008. ^ Federal Highway Administration (n. "Interstate FAQ: Who owns it. Retrieved March 4, 2009. ^ a b Weingroff, Richard M. (April 7, 2011. When did the Federal Government begin collecting the gas tax. Retrieved June 29, 2011. ^ Federal Highway Administration (January 3, 2012. Funding For Highways and Disposition of Highway-User Revenues, All Units of Government, 2007. Highway Statistics 2007. Retrieved March 10, 2012. ^ Field, David (July 29, 1996. On 40th birthday, Interstates Face Expensive Midlife Crisis. Insight on the News. pp. 40–42. ISSN   1051-4880. ^ VMS, Inc. (n. "Projects by Type: Interstates. VMS, Inc. Archived from the original on September 22, 2007. Retrieved January 10, 2008. ^ Hart, Ariel (July 19, 2007. 1st Toll Project Proposed for I-20 East: Plan Would Add Lanes Outside I-285" PDF. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. ISSN   1539-7459. Retrieved September 27, 2007. ^ VanMeter, Darryl D. (October 28, 2005. Future of HOV in Atlanta" PDF. American Society of Highway Engineers. Retrieved September 27, 2007. ^ Weiss, Martin H. "How Many Interstate Programs Were There. Highway History. Archived from the original on June 7, 2013. Retrieved March 10, 2012. ^ Weingroff, Richard F. (August 2, 2011. Retrieved March 10, 2012. ^ Federal Highway Administration (November 16, 2011. Interim Releases for New and Revised Signs. Standard Highway Signs and Markings. Retrieved March 10, 2012. ^ 23 U. C.   § 103(c) Interstate System. ^ Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978, Pub. L.   99–599 ^ American Association of State Highway Officials (September 19, 1967. Trademark Registration 0835635. Trademark Electronic Search System. Patent and Trademark Office. Archived from the original on May 2, 2013. Retrieved April 27, 2014. ^ a b Federal Highway Administration (May 10, 2005) 2004. Guide Signs" PDF. Standard Highway Signs (2004 English ed. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. pp. 3-1 to 3-3. OCLC   69678912. Retrieved February 22, 2012. ^ Federal Highway Administration (December 2009. Chapter 2D. Guide Signs: Conventional Roads" PDF. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (2009 ed. OCLC   496147812. ^ Michigan Department of Transportation (2011. Pure Michigan: State Transportation Map (Map. c. 1:221, 760. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. Lansing inset. OCLC   42778335, 786008212. ^ Texas Transportation Institute (2005. Ties to Texas" PDF. Texas Transportation Researcher. Vol. 41 no. 4. pp. 20–21. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 20, 2010. ^ American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (2006. Image Gallery. The Interstate is 50. Archived from the original on February 25, 2012. Retrieved February 22, 2012. ^ American Association of State Highway Officials (1958. Manual for Signing and Pavement Marking of the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways. Washington, DC: American Association of State Highway Officials. OCLC   3332302. ^ National Joint Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices; American Association of State Highway Officials (1961. Part 1: Signs" PDF. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways (1961 ed. Washington, DC: Bureau of Public Roads. pp. 79–80. OCLC   35841771. Retrieved February 22, 2012. ^ National Joint Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices; American Association of State Highway Officials (1971. Chapter  2D. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways (1971 ed. p. 88. OCLC   221570. Retrieved February 22, 2012. ^ National Advisory Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (1978. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways (1978 ed. p. 2D-5. OCLC   23043094. Retrieved February 22, 2012. ^ Faigin, Daniel P. (December 29, 2015. Numbering Conventions: Post Miles. California Highways. Archived from the original on January 31, 2017. Retrieved March 15, 2017. self-published source] Zhang, Sarah (October 7, 2014. An Arizona Highway Has Used the Metric System Since the 80s. Gizmodo. Archived from the original on February 25, 2019. Retrieved February 25, 2019. ^ Office of Highway Policy Information (July 27, 2010. Most Travelled Urban Highways Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT. 250, 000 (Report. 2008 Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS. Archived from the original on May 16, 2012. Retrieved May 9, 2012. ^ a b American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (n. "Interstate Highway Fact Sheet" PDF. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 10, 2008. Retrieved February 22, 2012. ^ Hall, Jerry & Hall, Loretta (July 1, 2009. The Adobe Tower: Interesting Items about the Interstate System. Westernite. Western District of the Institute of Transportation Engineers. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved July 23, 2013. ^ a b c d Obenberger, Jon & DeSimone, Tony (April 7, 2011. Interstate System Facts. Route Log and Finder List. Archived from the original on July 13, 2013. Retrieved February 22, 2012. ^ a b Federal Highway Administration (April 6, 2011. Miscellaneous Interstate System Facts. Retrieved February 22, 2012. ^ FHWA Route Log and Finder List. January 31, 2018. Archived from the original on July 11, 2018. Retrieved August 25, 2018. ^ Transportation Planning and Programming Division (n. "Interstate Highway No. 10. Highway Designation Files. Texas Department of Transportation. Retrieved August 31, 2010. ^ DeSimone, Tony (October 31, 2002. Table 1: Main Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System Of Interstate and Defense Highways as of October 31, 2002. Archived from the original on April 22, 2012. Retrieved September 13, 2009. ^ Table 3: Interstate Routes in Each of the 50 States, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Retrieved August 25, 2018. ^ Blas, Elisheva (November 2010. The Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways: The Road to Success. PDF. The History Teacher. Vol. 44 no. 1. Long Beach, California: Society for History Education. pp. 127–142. ISSN   0018-2745. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 2, 2017. Retrieved April 27, 2017. ^ Fox, Justin (January 26, 2004. The Great Paving: How the Interstate Highway System Helped Create the Modern Economy—and Reshaped the Fortune 500. Fortune. Archived from the original on June 1, 2018. Retrieved May 10, 2019. ^ Stromberg, Joseph (May 11, 2016. Highways Gutted American Cities. So Why Did They Build Them. Vox. Archived from the original on April 25, 2019. Retrieved May 10, 2019. ^ Stromberg, Joseph (August 10, 2015. The Real Reason American Public Transportation Is Such a Disaster. Retrieved May 10, 2019. Further reading [ edit] External links [ edit] Geographic data related to Interstate Highway System at OpenStreetMap Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Route Log and Finder List, FHWA Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, FHWA Interstate Highway System, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library and Museum "Keep on Trucking. Would you pay more in taxes to fix roads and rail. NOW on PBS.


I had heard there was a traffic jam on the highway, so I took the side roads. the four-lane highway narrows to two lanes once you leave the city Recent Examples on the Web The manager assured Beahm there were no corners cut, that the fast bridge was safe and thoroughly inspected and ready to stand the strain of Alabamas busiest segment of highway. — John Archibald. al, Dear ALDOT: Sorry. 22 Jan. 2020 Amazingly, given its off-road capability, the Tremor was smooth and reasonably quiet at highway speeds on road and in suburban driving. Mark Phelan, Detroit Free Press, Fords 2020 F-series Super Duty Tremor off-road pickup could be a super-sized hit. 21 Jan. 2020 At the helm: The Tellurides MacPherson strut front suspension and hydraulically assisted power steering give it a familiar carlike handle, light and direct, with confident line-tracing at highway speeds, not too busy—more minivan than SUV. Dan Neil, WSJ, 2020 Kia Telluride: A Peaceful Ride Even With a Car Full of Kids. 17 Jan. 2020 Several factors determine how long each ramp must be, including the speed and curve of the highway, the speed of the frontage road and how far ahead the driver can see. Nic Garcia, Dallas News, Why are on-ramps in Dallas so short? Curious Texas goes for a drive. 17 Jan. 2020 Discovering Vertirack was a revelation: the lightweight yet strong aluminum struts attach to the side of the vehicle, while rubber arms and stretchy straps hold boards securely at highway speeds. Drew Zieff, Outside Online, 11 Things to Take Your Van from Dirtbag to Dream Home. 16 Jan. 2020 Police have released previously undisclosed evidence in the unsolved case of the Gilgo Beach murders, nearly a decade after the remains of 11 people were discovered along a stretch of highway on Long Island. NBC News, Police reveal evidence in New York serial killer case nearly decade after 11 bodies found. 16 Jan. 2020 Nearby, a disabled Greyhound bus perched on the side of the highway, its passengers huddled and attempting without much success to keep warm in the narrow strip between the bus and the high desert shrubbery. Debra Utacia Krol, azcentral, Apache activist Wendsler Nosie followed a lifelong path to Resolution copper mine protest. 15 Jan. 2020 Hundreds of thousands of people were left without power from Texas to Ohio, parts of highways were closed in Oklahoma and Arkansas due to flooding and hundreds of flights were canceled at Chicago's international airports. Juan A. Lozano, Anchorage Daily News, Storms sweep southern U. S., Midwest as death toll rises to 11. 12 Jan. 2020 These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'highway. Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
KNIVES IN CONFIMED 2020.
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  1. Country=UK
  2. reviews=Branagh Theatre Live: The Winter's Tale is a movie starring Miranda Raison, Jaygann Ayeh, and Tom Bateman. A jealous King jeopardizes his family, friendships, and succession
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